Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания продолжают оставаться наиболее актуальной проблемой здравоохранения большинства стран мира, в том числе и России. Учет этнической принадлежности рассматривается как один из эффективных способов индивидуализации подходов прогнозирования кардиоваскулярного риска. Цель исследования - оценка жесткости сосудов у лиц разной этнической принадлежности в зависимости от факторов риска, в частности табакокурения. Обследовано 145 пациентов в возрасте от 22 до 49 лет, постоянно проживающих на территории Приморского края и Сахалинской области. Всем пациентам выполнена оценка механических свойств аорты методом неинвазивной артериографии. Установлены достоверные этнические различия жесткости аорты у лиц европейской и южно-азиатской этнической принадлежности, связанные и несвязанные со статусом курения. Наиболее значимыми оказались различия антропометрических показателей и показателей артериальной ригидности. Описаны более выраженные изменения механических свойств аорты в группе курильщиков-славян по сравнению с корейцами. При разработке новых и пересмотре имеющихся шкал прогнозирования индивидуального кардиоваскулярного риска необходимо рекомендовать учет не только отдельных факторов риска, но и индивидуальных особенностей, связанных с этнической принадлежностью пациента.
Objective. Cardiovascular diseases and mortality from them are the most actual problem of healthcare in most countries in the world including Russia. Accounting of ethnicity is considered as one of the effective ways of approaches personification to predicting cardiovascular risk. Methods. We examined 145 patients aged from 22 to 49 years old, permanently residing in Primorsky Region and Sakhalin Region. All patients underwent an assessment of the mechanical properties of aortic stiffness by noninvasive arteriography. There were analized the aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVa), the augmentation index (AIx), the value of systolic, diastolic and central and pulse arterial pressure. There were also analyzed the shape of the pulse waves, were determined the systolic and diastolic coronary perfusion index area ratio (SAI/DAI) and the left ventricular ejection time. Results. Height, weight, body mass index and waist circumference were significantly higher among smokers compared with smokers of Korean ethnicity, but among the non-smoking individuals only height and weight showed significant differences between ethnic groups. The PWVa was significantly higher among smokers of Slavic ethnicity compared to non-smokers, however among smokers and non-smokers persons of Korean ethnicity such differences were not observed. AIx was significantly higher among people of Korean ethnicity, both smokers and non-smokers in comparison with the Slavs in similar subgroups. Correlation links were revealed: PWVa is connected with the status of smoking among people of Slavic ethnicity, but in the Korean population, the history of smoking was correlated with SAI/DAI. AIx showed strong correlation with amplification pressure and compliance index of central and peripheral systolic pressure in both ethnic groups. Conclusions. Currently, there is a period of accumulation of data on the ethnic peculiarities of cardiovascular risk, described a number of differences which are recommended to be considered when predicting risk taking into account ethnicity. We determined reliable ethnic differences in the characteristics of aortic stiffness in persons of European (Slavic) and South Asian (Korean) ethnicity, related and not related to the status of smoking. There were described more definite changes in the aortic mechanical properties in the smokers group of Slavic ethnicity in comparison with the Koreans.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.