The authors describe the present-day demographic setting in Primorsky region of the Russian Federation, which is characterized as depopulation associated with the reproduction of population being typical for the countries waging a war for a long while. They show both high death rate among the economically active population and low average forthcoming life interval, and draw a conclusion that the stabilization of the natality, diminution of the mortality and increase of the birth rate are possible when improving the social and economic situation and environment, as well as the quality of public medical care.