pmjТихоокеанский медицинский журналPacific Medical Journal1609-1175TGMU10.34215/1609-1175-2021-2-8-13pmj-2189Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСовременные стратегии профилактики пищевой аллергии у детейModern food allergy prevention strategies among childrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2106-2572ПриходченкоН. Г.PrikhodchenkoN. G.

 д-р мед. наук, доцент Института педиатрии

690002, г. Владивосток, пр-т Острякова, 2

MD, PhD, associate professor, Institute of Pediatrics

92 Ostryakova Ave., Vladivostok, 690002, Russian Federation

prikhodchenko_n@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9645-3471ШуматоваТ. А.ShumatovaT. A.

д-р мед. наук, профессор, ректор  

690002, г. Владивосток, пр-т Острякова, 2

MD, PhD, professor, director of the Institute of Pediatrics

92 Ostryakova Ave., Vladivostok, 690002, Russian Federation

shumatov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0748-5819ЗерноваЕ. С.ZernovaE. S.

канд. мед. наук, ассистент Института педиатрии 

 690002, г. Владивосток, пр-т Острякова, 2

MD, PhD, assistant, Institute of Pediatrics

92 Ostryakova Ave., Vladivostok, 690002, Russian Federation

kate-zernova@mail.ruТихоокеанский государственный медицинский университетРоссияPacific State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20212006202102813Copyright © Приходченко Н.Г., Шуматова Т.А., Зернова Е.С., 20212021Приходченко Н.Г., Шуматова Т.А., Зернова Е.С.Prikhodchenko N.G., Shumatova T.A., Zernova E.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.tmj-vgmu.ru/jour/article/view/2189

 Пищевая аллергия (ПА) остается серьезной проблемой для здоровья детей во многих развитых странах мира, и в последние годы отмечается неуклонный рост ее распространенности. Улучшение знаний о патофизиологических механизмах, лежащих в основе толерантности и сенсибилизации к пищевым антигенам, привели к радикальному изменению стратегии профилактики ПА. Ухудшение экологической обстановки, влияние факторов внешней среды частично изменили эпидемиологию аллергических реакций на пищевые  продукты. В этом обзоре литературы основное внимание  уделяется новым перспективам профилактики пищевой  аллергии у детей. Современные рекомендации в этой области основаны на раннем расширении рациона,  введении прикорма в возрасте от 4 до 6 месяцев  независимо от семейного анамнеза. Признано нецелесообразным избегание аллергенных продуктов при отсутствии проявлений ПА, как во время введения прикормов, так и матерям во время беременности или кормлении грудью. Дополнительные потенциальные стратегии включают оптимизацию барьерной функции кожи в  раннем возрасте и использование специальных увлажняющих  средств. Продолжаются исследования роли микробиоты,  полиненасыщенных жирных кислот и витамина D в патогенезе ПА. 

Food allergy (FA) is still a serious issue on children health in many developed countries. In recent years a steady growth of its spread rate has been observed. Knowledge development on pathophysiological mechanisms basic to foot  antigens tolerance and sensitization lead to radical change in the strategy of FA  prevention. The deterioration of ecological condition and the influence of  external environment factors have partly changed the epidemiology of allergic  reactions to food products. In this literature review mainly the attention is paid to new perspectives of food allergy prevention among children. Modern recommendations in this area are based on the early nutrition expansion,  introduction of complementary foods in the age of 4–6 months regardless of family anamnesis. It is deemed useless to avoid allergic products if there are no  FA manifestations, both during introduction of complementary foods and  during pregnancy and breast-feeding for mothers. Additional potential strategies include optimization of skin barrier function in the early age and the  usage of special moisturizers. The research of micro biota role, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D in FA pathogenesis is continued. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.