<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pacific Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-1175</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TGMU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34215/1609-1175-2025-2-24-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pmj-2922</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция подходов к лечению гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of approaches to the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9072-1842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Власова Надежда Андреевна – врач-онколог поликлинического отделения; аспирант</p><p>693010, г. Южно-Сахалинск, ул. Алексея Максимовича Горького 3</p><p>690002, г. Владивосток, пр-т Острякова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda A. Vlasova, oncologist at the Polyclinic Department, postgraduate student</p><p>Alexey Maximovich Gorky str., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 6930103</p><p>2 Ostryakova Ave., Vladivostok, 690002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlasovanad@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апанасевич</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apanasevich</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>690002, г. Владивосток, пр-т Острякова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Ostryakova Ave., Vladivostok, 690002</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисеева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yeliseeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>690002, г. Владивосток, пр-т Острякова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Ostryakova Ave., Vladivostok, 690002</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старцев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Startsev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>693010, г. Южно-Сахалинск, ул. Алексея Максимовича Горького 3</p><p>690002, г. Владивосток, пр-т Острякова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey Maximovich Gorky str., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 6930103</p><p>2 Ostryakova Ave., Vladivostok, 690002</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Невожай</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevozhai</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>690002, г. Владивосток, пр-т Острякова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Ostryakova Ave., Vladivostok, 690002</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сахалинский областной клинический онкологический диспансер; Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sakhalin Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary; Russia Pacific State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russia Pacific State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Власова Н.А., Апанасевич В.И., Елисеева Е.В., Старцев С.С., Невожай В.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Власова Н.А., Апанасевич В.И., Елисеева Е.В., Старцев С.С., Невожай В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vlasova N.A., Apanasevich V.I., Yeliseeva E.V., Startsev S.S., Nevozhai V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tmj-vgmu.ru/jour/article/view/2922">https://www.tmj-vgmu.ru/jour/article/view/2922</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается эволюция подходов к лечению гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы (ГЦК). Обсуждаются основные методы лечения рака печени, включая хирургические вмешательства, резекционные способы, трансплантацию печени, а также ряд неинвазивных методов, включая радиочастотную абляцию и трансартериальную химиоэмболизацию. Лечение ГЦК – сложная междисциплинарная и многоплановая задача, при этом хирургическое лечение на сегодня является единственным методом, потенциально излечивающим пациента. За последние два десятилетия был сделан огромный шаг вперед в лечении ГЦК в основном в области как лекарственного, так и хирургического лечения. Арсенал методов лечения ГЦК значительно расширился и включает как традиционные и малоинвазивные хирургические вмешательства, так и таргетные и иммунотерапевтические подходы. РЧА позволяет эффективно и воспроизводимо контролировать локальные опухоли с минимальной травматичностью при ГЦК небольших размеров и метастазами и является предпочтительным вариантом лечения на ранней стадии ГЦК. Благодаря потенциалу ультраселективной химиоэмболизации для лечения небольших по размеру ГЦК, включая гиповаскулярные участки опухоли, данный метод может заменить хирургическую резекцию и РЧА у отдельных пациентов с ГЦК стадий BCLC 0 и A. Из-за коварного малосимптомного развития ГЦК на момент первичного установления диагноза менее 30% пациентов являются кандидатами на радикальное лечение. Системная терапия является надеждой на лечение пациентов со среднепрогрессирующей ГЦК. Сложный патогенез ГЦК вдохновил исследователей на поиск различных биомолекулярных таргетных терапий, направленных на конкретные мишени. Правильное понимание молекулярного механизма возникновения ГЦК является ключом к поиску эффективной таргетной терапии. Значительные клинические преимущества в системной терапии демонстрируются в случаях комбинации таргетных препаратов с иммунотерапией, при этом последовательное лечение несколькими препаратами обеспечивает удовлетворительную выживаемость при прогрессирующей ГЦК. Выбор тактики лечения должен быть индивидуализирован с учетом стадии заболевания, общего состояния пациента и сопутствующих патологий. Важными аспектами остаются своевременная профилактика, ранняя диагностика, комплексный подход и доступность новых методов лечения</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper reviews the evolution of approaches to the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The main treatments for liver cancer are discussed, including surgery, resection, and liver transplantation, as well as a number of non-invasive techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and transarterial chemoembolization. The treatment of HCC is a multidisciplinary and multifaceted task; at the same time, surgical treatment is currently the only method that can potentially cure the patient. Over the past two decades, the treatment of HCC has become remarkably more effective, mainly in the areas of both drug and surgical treatment. Over the past decades, the variety of HCC treatment methods has significantly increased and includes both traditional and minimally invasive surgical interventions, as well as targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches. RFA makes it possible to effectively and reproducibly control local tumors with minimal trauma in small HCC and metastasis, which makes RFA the preferred treatment at the early stages of HCC. Due to the potential of ultraselective chemoembolization for the treatment of small HCC, including hypovascular areas of tumor, this technique may replace surgical resection and RFA in selected HCC patients at the BCLC 0 and A stages. Unpredictable asymptomatic HCC progression at the time of initial diagnosis makes less than 30% of patients candidates for radical treatment. Systemic therapy is supposed to be an effective technique for treating patients with moderately progressive HCC. The complex HCC pathogenesis has inspired researchers to search for various biomolecular target therapies aimed at specific targets. Proper understanding of the molecular HCC mechanism presents a key to finding an effective target therapy. Significant clinical benefits in systemic therapy are observed when target drugs are combined with immunotherapy, while a sequential treatment with multiple drugs provides satisfactory survival in progressive HCC. The choice of treatment tactics should be individualized, taking into account the stage of the disease, the general condition of the patient, and comorbidities. Timely prevention, early diagnosis, comprehensive approach, and availability of new treatment methods remain important aspects</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>выживаемость</kwd><kwd>гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>терапевтическая химиоэмболизация</kwd><kwd>радиочастотная абляция</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>survival rate</kwd><kwd>hepatocellular carcinoma</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>target therapy</kwd><kwd>therapeutic chemoembolization</kwd><kwd>radiofrequency ablation</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Загорулько А.И., Рыков С.П., Козлов Д.В. Современные представления и подходы к лечению гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы в промежуточной стадии BCLC B. Международный журнал интервенционной кардиоангиологии. 2024;(1):49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zagorulko AI, Rykov SP, Kozlov DV. Modern concepts and approaches to the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in the intermediate stage of BCLC B. International Journal of Interventional Cardioangiology. 2024;(1):49 (In Russ.) doi: 10.24835/1727-818X-2024-Suppl</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA. Cancer J Clin. 2023;73(1):17–48. doi: 10.3322/caac.21763</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA. Cancer J Clin. 2023;73(1):17–48. doi: 10.3322/caac.21763</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петкау В.В., Бессонова Е.Н., Бредер В.В., Тарханов А.А., Киселева К.Е. Влияние мультидисциплинарного подхода и маршрутизации пациентов на результаты лечения больных гепатоцеллюлярным раком. Злокачественные опухоли. 2023;13(2):5–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petkau VV, Bessonova EN, Breder VV, Tarkhanov AA, Kiseleva KE. Impact of a multidisciplinary approach and patient routing on the outcomes of treatment of patients with hepatocellular cancer. Malignant Tumors = Zlokachestvennye Opuholi. 2023;13(2):5–11 (In Russ.) doi: 10.18027/2224-5057-2023-13-2-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dou W, Guo C, Zhu L, Qiu P, Kan W, Pan Y, Zang Y, Dong L, Li J, Tan Y, Wang H, He X. Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Liver Cancer using Dual-Peptide-Functionalized Albumin Particles. Chem Biomed Imaging. 2023;2(1):47–55. doi: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00078</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dou W, Guo C, Zhu L, Qiu P, Kan W, Pan Y, Zang Y, Dong L, Li J, Tan Y, Wang H, He X. Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Liver Cancer using Dual-Peptide-Functionalized Albumin Particles. Chem Biomed Imaging. 2023;2(1):47–55. doi: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00078</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reig M, Forner A, Rimola J, Ferrer-Fàbrega J, Burrel M, Garcia-Criado A, Kelley R, Galle P, Mazzaferro V, Salem R, Sangro B, Singal A, Vogel A, Fuster J, Ayuso C, Bruix J. BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: The 2022 Update. J Hepatol. 2022;76(3):681–93. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reig M, Forner A, Rimola J, Ferrer-Fàbrega J, Burrel M, Garcia-Criado A, Kelley R, Galle P, Mazzaferro V, Salem R, Sangro B, Singal A, Vogel A, Fuster J, Ayuso C, Bruix J. BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: The 2022 Update. J Hepatol. 2022;76(3):681–93. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogel A, Meyer T, Sapisochin G, Salem R, Saborowski A. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. 2022;400(10360):1345–1362. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01200-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogel A, Meyer T, Sapisochin G, Salem R, Saborowski A. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. 2022;400(10360):1345–1362. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01200-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мустафина Д.А., Багаутдинова А.Н., Зинатуллина М.М., Горбунов Н.А., Зайнетдинова Э.Т., Бухарметова Д.И., Леонов Д.Ю., Пирмагомедова А.Г., Чернышова А.Е., Марханос М.П., Абгарян А.Г., Арустамян А.С., Чавро К.С., Мирзоджонова Ф. Роль ингибиторов иммунных контрольных точек в развитии и лечении инфекционных процессов. Клиническая практика. 2024;15(1):91–106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mustafina DA, Bagautdinova AN, Zinatullina MM, Gorbunov NA, Zainetdinova ET, Bukharmetova DI, Leonov DYu, Pirmagomedova AG, Chernyshova AE, Markhanos MP, Abgaryan AG, Arustamyan AS, Chavro KS, Mirzojonova F. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the development and treatment of infectious processes. Journal of Clinical Practice. 2024;15(1):91–106 (In Russ.) doi: 10.17816/clinpract627504</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сафроненко А.В., Ганцгорн Е.В., Коломиец К.В., Удод Е.Е., Ишихов И.М. Опыт использования трансартериальной химиоэмболизации с доксорубицином в лечении гепато-целлюлярной карциномы. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2021;84(10):25–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safronenko AV, Ganzgorn EV, Kolomiets KV, Udod EE, Ishikhov IM. Experience of using transarterial chemoembolization with doxorubicin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Experimental and Сlinical Pharmacology. 2021;84(10):25–28 (In Russ.) doi: 10.30906/0869-2092-2021-84-10-25-28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альперович Б.И. Хирургия печени и желчных путей. Томск: Сиб. гос. мед. ун-т. 1997. – 605 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alperovich BI. Surgery of the liver and biliary tract. Tomsk: Sib. Gos. Med. Univ. 1997. – 605 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foster JH. History of liver surgery. Arch Surg. 1991;126(3):381–7. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1991.01410270131020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foster JH. History of liver surgery. Arch Surg. 1991;126(3):381–7. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1991.01410270131020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Norihiro K, Nobuyuki T, Kyoji I, Fuminori M. The history of liver surgery: Achievements over the past 50 years. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2020;4(2):109–117. doi: 10.1002/ags3.12322</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Norihiro K, Nobuyuki T, Kyoji I, Fuminori M. The history of liver surgery: Achievements over the past 50 years. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2020;4(2):109–117. doi: 10.1002/ags3.12322</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Назыров Ф., Акбаров М., Девятов А., Сайдазимов Е., Нишанов М., Хакимов Ю. Результаты резекционных вмешательств на печени на фоне хронической диффузной гепатологии. Вестник экспериментальной и клинической хирургии. 2015;8(2):142–150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazyrov F, Akbarov M, Devyatov A, Saidazimov E, Nishanov M, Khakimov Y. Results of resection interventions on the liver against the background of chronic diffuse hepatology. Bulletin of Experimental and Clinical Surgery. 2015;8(2):142–150 (In Russ.) doi: 10.18499/2070-478X-2015-8-2-142-150</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермолов А.С., Чжао А.В., Чугунов А.О. История развития хирургии печени. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2007;6(3):8– 15. [Ermolov AS, Zhao AV, Chugunov AO. History of the development of liver surgery. Bulletin of Siberian Medicine. 2007;6(3):8–15 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.20538/1682-0363-2007-3-8-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ермолов А.С., Чжао А.В., Чугунов А.О. История развития хирургии печени. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2007;6(3):8– 15. Ermolov AS, Zhao AV, Chugunov AO. History of the development of liver surgery. Bulletin of Siberian Medicine. 2007;6(3):8–15 (In Russ.) doi: 10.20538/1682-0363-2007-3-8-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сотниченко Б.А. Вехи памяти. О Владимире Станиславовиче Шапкине. Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал. 2008;(3):116– 119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sotnichenko BA. Milestones of memory. About Vladimir Stanislavovich Shapkin. Pacific Medical Journal. 2008;(3):116– 119 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho Y, Sinn DH, Yu SJ, Gwak GY, Kim JH, Yoo YJ, Jun DW, Kim TY, Lee HY, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Yoon JH. Survival analysis of single large (&gt; 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma patients: BCLC A versus B. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0165722. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165722</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho Y, Sinn DH, Yu SJ, Gwak GY, Kim JH, Yoo YJ, Jun DW, Kim TY, Lee HY, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Yoon JH. Survival analysis of single large (&gt; 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma patients: BCLC A versus B. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0165722. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165722</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsilimigras DI, Bagante F, Sahara K, Moris D, Hyer JM, Wu L, Ratti F, Marques HP, Soubrane O, Paredes AZ, Lam V, Poultsides GA, Popescu I, Alexandrescu S, Martel G, Workneh A, Guglielmi A, Hugh T, Aldrighetti L, Endo I, Pawlik TM. Prognosis after resection of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0, A, and B hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive assessment of the current BCLC classification. Ann Surg Oncol. 2019;26(11):3693–3700. doi: 10.1245/s10434-019-07580-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsilimigras DI, Bagante F, Sahara K, Moris D, Hyer JM, Wu L, Ratti F, Marques HP, Soubrane O, Paredes AZ, Lam V, Poultsides GA, Popescu I, Alexandrescu S, Martel G, Workneh A, Guglielmi A, Hugh T, Aldrighetti L, Endo I, Pawlik TM. Prognosis after resection of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0, A, and B hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive assessment of the current BCLC classification. Ann Surg Oncol. 2019;26(11):3693–3700. doi: 10.1245/s10434-019-07580-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wan L, Dong DH, Wu XN, Ding HF, Lu Q, Tian Y, Zhang XF, Li W. Single large nodule (&gt; 5 cm) prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: kinship with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A or B? Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e926797. doi: 10.12659/MSM.926797</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wan L, Dong DH, Wu XN, Ding HF, Lu Q, Tian Y, Zhang XF, Li W. Single large nodule (&gt; 5 cm) prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: kinship with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A or B? Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e926797. doi: 10.12659/MSM.926797</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пельц В.А., Тропин В.Е., Шаталин В.А. Резекционные вмешательства в лечении гепатоцеллюлярного рака в специализированном центре хирургии. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2023;8(3):138–144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пельц В.А., Тропин В.Е., Шаталин В.А. Резекционные вмешательства в лечении гепатоцеллюлярного рака в специализированном центре хирургии. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2023;8(3):138–144. Pelts V.A., Tropin V.E., Shatalin V.A. Resection interventions in the treatment of hepatocellular cancer in a specialized surgery center. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2023;8(3):138–144 (In Russ.) doi: 10.29413/ABS.2023-8.3.15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen-Khac V, Brustia R, Rhaiem R, Regnault H, Sessa A, Mule S, Duvoux C, Laurent A, Leroy V, Calderaro J, Luciani A, Roudot-Thoraval F, Amaddeo G, Sommacale D. Liver resection for single large hepatocellular carcinoma: a prognostic factors study. Ann Hepatol. 2022;27(6):100739. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100739</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen-Khac V, Brustia R, Rhaiem R, Regnault H, Sessa A, Mule S, Duvoux C, Laurent A, Leroy V, Calderaro J, Luciani A, Roudot-Thoraval F, Amaddeo G, Sommacale D. Liver resection for single large hepatocellular carcinoma: a prognostic factors study. Ann Hepatol. 2022;27(6):100739. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100739</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Q, Liu F, Ding J, Wei Y, Li B. Surgical outcomes and quality of life between laparoscopic and open approach for hepatic hemangioma: A propensity score matching analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(6):e14485. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014485</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Q, Liu F, Ding J, Wei Y, Li B. Surgical outcomes and quality of life between laparoscopic and open approach for hepatic hemangioma: A propensity score matching analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(6):e14485. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014485</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sankar K, Gong J, Osipov A, Miles S, Kosari K, Nissen N, Hendifar A, Koltsova E, Yang J. Recent advances in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2024(1):1–15. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2023.0125</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sankar K, Gong J, Osipov A, Miles S, Kosari K, Nissen N, Hendifar A, Koltsova E, Yang J. Recent advances in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2024(1):1–15. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2023.0125</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen-Khac V, Brustia R, Rhaiem R, Regnault H, Sessa A, Mule S, Duvoux C, Laurent A, Leroy V, Calderaro J, Luciani A, Roudot-Thoraval F, Amaddeo G, Sommacale D. Liver resection for single large hepatocellular carcinoma: a prognostic factors study. Ann Hepatol. 2022;27(6):100739. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100739</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen-Khac V, Brustia R, Rhaiem R, Regnault H, Sessa A, Mule S, Duvoux C, Laurent A, Leroy V, Calderaro J, Luciani A, Roudot-Thoraval F, Amaddeo G, Sommacale D. Liver resection for single large hepatocellular carcinoma: a prognostic factors study. Ann Hepatol. 2022;27(6):100739. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100739</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова К.А., Василиженко А.В., Холявина О.А., Костюченко М.В. 55 лет с даты успешно проведенной в 1967 году операции по трансплантации печени Томасом Старзлом. Вестник оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии. 2022;1(05):34–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova KA, Vasilizhenko AV, Kholyavina OA, Kostyuchenko MV. 55 years since the successful liver transplant operation performed by Thomas Starzl in 1967. Bulletin of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy. 2022;1(05):34–42 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поляков А.В. 30 лет трансплантации печени в России. Вестник совета молодых ученых и специалистов Челябинской области. 2020;1(28):26–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Поляков А.В. 30 лет трансплантации печени в России. Вестник совета молодых ученых и специалистов Челябинской области. 2020;1(28):26–29. Polyakov AV. 30 years of liver transplantation in Russia. Vestnik Soveta Molodyh Uchenyh i Specialistov Cheljabinskoj Oblasti. 2020;1(28):26–29 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Джанян И.А., Новрузбеков М.С., Олисов О.Д., Юдин Д.И., Рудаков В.С., Антонова Е.Ю., Савченко И.В., Погребняков И.В., Бредер В.В., Питкевич М.Ю. Иммунотерапия гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы у пациентов, перенесших пересадку печени (обзор литературы). Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье. 2023;13(4):162–168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzhanyan IA, Novruzbekov MS, Olisov OD, Yudin DI, Rudakov VS, Antonova EY, Savchenko IV, Pogrebnyakov IV, Breder VV, Pitkevich MY. Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant patients (Literature review). Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (Rehabilitation, Doctor and Health). 2023;13(4):162–168 (In Russ.) doi: 10.20340/vmi-rvz.2023.4.TX.4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sapisochin G, Bruix J. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: outcomes and novel surgical approaches. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14(4):203–217. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.193</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sapisochin G, Bruix J. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: outcomes and novel surgical approaches. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14(4):203–217. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.193</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoon YI, Lee SG. Living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: an Asian perspective. Dig Dis Sci. 2019;64(4):993–1000. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.193</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoon YI, Lee SG. Living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: an Asian perspective. Dig Dis Sci. 2019;64(4):993–1000. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.193</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгушин Б.И., Косырев В.Ю., Рампрабанант С. Радиочастотная аблация в онкологии. Практическая онкология. 2007;8(4):219–227.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgushin BI, Kosyrev VYu, Ramprabanant S. Radiofrequency ablation in oncology. Practical Oncology. 2007;8(4):219–227 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng Q, He M, Fu C, Feng K, Ma K, Zhang L. Radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Hyperthermia. 2022;39(1):1052–1063. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2059581</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng Q, He M, Fu C, Feng K, Ma K, Zhang L. Radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Hyperthermia. 2022;39(1):1052–1063. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2059581</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulkarni CB, Pullara SK, C S R, Moorthy S. Complications of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Acad Radiol. 2024;31(7):2987–3003. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.11.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulkarni CB, Pullara SK, C S R, Moorthy S. Complications of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Acad Radiol. 2024;31(7):2987–3003. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.11.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan K, Chen MH, Yang W, Wang YB, Gao W, Hao CY, Xing BC, Huang XF. Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term outcome and prognostic factors. Eur J Radiol. 2008;67(2):336–347. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.07.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan K, Chen MH, Yang W, Wang YB, Gao W, Hao CY, Xing BC, Huang XF. Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term outcome and prognostic factors. Eur J Radiol. 2008;67(2):336–347. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.07.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanaka T, Takata K, Miyayama T, Shibata K, Fukuda H, Yamauchi R, Fukunaga A, Yokoyama K, Shakado S, Sakisaka S, Hirai F. Long-term outcome and eligibility of radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma over 3.0 cm in diameter. Sci Rep. 202328;13(1):16286. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43516-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanaka T, Takata K, Miyayama T, Shibata K, Fukuda H, Yamauchi R, Fukunaga A, Yokoyama K, Shakado S, Sakisaka S, Hirai F. Long-term outcome and eligibility of radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma over 3.0 cm in diameter. Sci Rep. 202328;13(1):16286. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43516-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балахнин П.В., Шмелев А.С., Шачинов Е.Г. Чрескожная энергетическая абляция опухолей: принципы, технологии, результаты. Практическая онкология. 2016;17(3):129–253.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balakhnin PV, Shmelev AS, Shachinov EG. Percutaneous energy ablation of tumors: principles, technologies, results. Practical Oncology. 2016;17(3):129–253 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dou Z, Lu F, Ren L, Song X, Li B, Li X. Efficacy and safety of microwave ablation and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review andmeta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(30):e29321. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029321</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dou Z, Lu F, Ren L, Song X, Li B, Li X. Efficacy and safety of microwave ablation and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review andmeta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(30):e29321. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029321</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горбатых А.В., Латкин О.Е., Прохорихин А.А., Зубарев Д.Д., Чернявский М.А. Современный взгляд на лечение онкологических заболеваний эндоваскулярными методами. Трансляционная медицина. 2022;9(4):33–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorbatykh AV, Latkin OE, Prokhorikhin AA, Zubarev DD, Chernyavsky MA. Modern view on the treatment of oncological diseases with endovascular methods. Translational Medicine. 2022;9(4):33–40 (In Russ.) doi: 10.18705/2311-4495-2022-9-4-33-40</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L'Huillier R, Dumortier J, Mastier C, Cayot B, Chambon C, Benech N, Stacoffe N, Valette PJ, Milot L. Robotic-assisted percutaneous irreversible electroporation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2023;104(12):615–617. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.292</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L'Huillier R, Dumortier J, Mastier C, Cayot B, Chambon C, Benech N, Stacoffe N, Valette PJ, Milot L. Robotic-assisted percutaneous irreversible electroporation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2023;104(12):615–617. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.292</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma Y, Chen Z, Liang B, Li R, Li J, Li Z, Lin M, Niu L. Irreversible electroporation for hepatocellular carcinoma abutting the diaphragm: a prospective single-center study. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2022;10(2):190–196. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2021.00019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma Y, Chen Z, Liang B, Li R, Li J, Li Z, Lin M, Niu L. Irreversible electroporation for hepatocellular carcinoma abutting the diaphragm: a prospective single-center study. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2022;10(2):190–196. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2021.00019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rex GC, Renuka B, Matthew MY, Siddharth AP. Irreversible electroporation allows for effective ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma until complete tumor necrosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015;26:1184–1188. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.05.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rex GC, Renuka B, Matthew MY, Siddharth AP. Irreversible electroporation allows for effective ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma until complete tumor necrosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015;26:1184–1188. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.05.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X, Lin Y, Chen L, Yang W, Hu B. Multidisciplinary approaches in the management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Exploring future directions. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2024;16(10):4052–4054. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4052</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X, Lin Y, Chen L, Yang W, Hu B. Multidisciplinary approaches in the management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Exploring future directions. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2024;16(10):4052–4054. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4052</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boris WK, Rudolf G, Ulf RR. Use of mitogenic cascade blockers for treatment of C-Raf induced lung adenoma in vivo: CI-1040 strongly reduces growth and improves lung structure. BMC Cancer. 2004;4:24. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-4-24</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boris WK, Rudolf G, Ulf RR. Use of mitogenic cascade blockers for treatment of C-Raf induced lung adenoma in vivo: CI-1040 strongly reduces growth and improves lung structure. BMC Cancer. 2004;4:24. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-4-24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghassan KA. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: considerations regarding etiology and molecular biology. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2007;1:85–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghassan KA. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: considerations regarding etiology and molecular biology. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2007;1:85–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jason MB. FDA Approves Lenvatinib for Frontline HCC. Onclive. 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jason MB. FDA Approves Lenvatinib for Frontline HCC. Onclive. 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FDA approves cabozantinib for hepatocellular carcinoma. FDA website. 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">FDA approves cabozantinib for hepatocellular carcinoma. FDA website. 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Dimitroulis D, Garmpi A, Psilopatis I, Sarantis P, Koustas E, Kanavidis P, Prevezanos D, Kouraklis G, Karamouzis MV, Marinos G, Kontzoglou K, Antoniou EA. Targeted therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: a new era ahead – a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(22):14117. doi: 10.3390/ijms232214117</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Dimitroulis D, Garmpi A, Psilopatis I, Sarantis P, Koustas E, Kanavidis P, Prevezanos D, Kouraklis G, Karamouzis MV, Marinos G, Kontzoglou K, Antoniou EA. Targeted therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: a new era ahead – a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(22):14117. doi: 10.3390/ijms232214117</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казанцева М.А., Бредер В.В., Лактионов К.К. Иммунотерапия гепатоцеллюлярного рака: начало и перспективы. Медицинский совет. 2019;10:15–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Казанцева М.А., Бредер В.В., Лактионов К.К. Иммунотерапия гепатоцеллюлярного рака: начало и перспективы. Медицинский совет. 2019;10:15–21. Kazantseva MA, Breder VV, Laktionov KK. Immunotherapy of hepatocellular cancer: beginning and prospects. Medical Council = Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2019;10:15–21 (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2019-10-15-21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руткин, И.О., Поликарпов А.А., Моисеенко А.В. Отдаленные результаты применения микроволновой аблации с технологией THERMOSPHERE (МВАТ) в комбинированном лечении гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы (ГЦК). Вопросы онкологии. 2023;69(3):54–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rutkin IO, Polikarpov AA, Moiseenko AV. Long-term results of using microwave ablation with THERMOSPHERE technology (MVAT) in the combined treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Voprosy Onkoogii. 2023;69(3):54–56 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sasaki Y, Imaoka S, Fujita M, Miyoshi Y, Ohigashi H, Ishikawa O, Furukawa H, Koyama H, Iwanaga T, Kasugai H. Regional therapy in the management of intrahepatic recurrence after surgery for hepatoma. Ann Surg.1987;206(1):40–7. doi: 10.1097/00000658-198707000-00006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sasaki Y, Imaoka S, Fujita M, Miyoshi Y, Ohigashi H, Ishikawa O, Furukawa H, Koyama H, Iwanaga T, Kasugai H. Regional therapy in the management of intrahepatic recurrence after surgery for hepatoma. Ann Surg.1987;206(1):40–7. doi: 10.1097/00000658-198707000-00006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L, Lin L, Zhou W. Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Pharmacol Ther. 2024;257:108634. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108634</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang L, Lin L, Zhou W. Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Pharmacol Ther. 2024;257:108634. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108634</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
