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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pacific Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-1175</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TGMU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/PmJ1609-1175.2019.3.60-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pmj-328</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лучевая семиотика поражений головного мозга при ВИЧ-инфекции с учетом иммунного статуса и антиретровирусной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RADIATION SEMIOTICS OF BRAIN LESIONS IN HIV-INFECTION WITH REGARD TO IMMUNE STATUS AND ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trofimova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры рентгенологии и радиологии, главный научный сотрудник, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела экологической физиологии </p><p> 197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 9</p><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6–8 Lva Tolstogo St. Saint Petersburg 197022 Russian Federation</p><p>9 Akademika Pavlova St. Saint Petersburg 197376 Russian Federation</p><p>12 Akademika Pavlova St. Saint Petersburg 197376 Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trofimova-tn@avaclinic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакулина</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakulina</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант </p><p>тел. +7 (812) 670–76–75</p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6–8 Lva Tolstogo St. Saint Petersburg 197022 Russian Federation</p><p>9 Akademika Pavlova St. Saint Petersburg 197376 Russian Federation</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рассохин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rassokhin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры социально-значимых инфекций, зав. лабораторией хронических вирусных инфекций отдела экологической физиологии </p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6–8 Lva Tolstogo St. Saint Petersburg 197022 Russian Federation</p><p>12 Akademika Pavlova St. Saint Petersburg 197376 Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ras-doc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азовцева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azovtseva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и инфекционных болезней </p><p>173003, г. Великий Новгород, ул. Б. Санкт-Петербургская, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41 Bolshaya Sankt-Penehburgskaya St. Velikiy Novgorod 173003 Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga-azovtseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляков</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyakov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, засл. деятель науки РФ, зав. кафедрой социально-значимых инфекций, главный научный сотрудник </p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8</p><p>197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6–8 Lva Tolstogo St. Saint Petersburg 197022 Russian Federation</p><p>12 Akademika Pavlova St. Saint Petersburg 197376 Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beliakov.akad.spb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова,&#13;
Институт мозга человека им. Н.П. Бехтеревой,&#13;
Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University,&#13;
Behtereva Human Brain Institute,&#13;
Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова,&#13;
Институт мозга человека им. Н.П. Бехтеревой</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University,&#13;
Behtereva Human Brain Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова,&#13;
Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University,&#13;
Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новгородский государственный университет им. Ярослава Мудрого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трофимова Т.Н., Бакулина Е.Г., Рассохин В.В., Азовцева О.В., Беляков Н.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трофимова Т.Н., Бакулина Е.Г., Рассохин В.В., Азовцева О.В., Беляков Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trofimova T.N., Bakulina E.G., Rassokhin V.V., Azovtseva O.V., Belyakov N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.tmj-vgmu.ru/jour/article/view/328">https://www.tmj-vgmu.ru/jour/article/view/328</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: описать лучевую семиотику поражений головного мозга в зависимости от степени иммуносупрессии, обусловленной ВИЧ-инфекцией, и активности репликации вируса иммунодефицита человека. Материал и методы. Проанализированы результаты комплексного клинико-лучевого обследования 300 ВИЧ-инфицированных взрослых пациентов, которым была выполнена магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) головного мозга. Все пациенты были разделены на группы в зависимости от статуса антиретровирусной терапии (АРВТ), количества CD4-лимфоцитов в крови, а также от выявленных поражений головного мозга. В отдельную группу вошли пациенты с синдромом восстановления иммунной системы (СВИС). Результаты. Признаки ВИЧ-энцефалопатии обнаружены более чем у половины пациентов. Выявлен широкий спектр сопутствующих инфекций и оппортунистических заболеваний с поражением головного мозга. При нарастании иммуносупрессии отмечалось увеличение количества очаговых и диффузных изменений центральной нервной системы. При СВИС в мозге появлялись новые и увеличивались размеры старых очагов поражения, регистрировался сливной паттерн изменений вплоть до генерализации. СВИС был связан либо с началом АРВТ, либо с возобновлением ее после перерыва, при этом достоверно чаще визуализировались признаки атипичной прогрессирующей мультифокальной лейкоэнцефалопатии. Заключение. У большинства пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией выявлялись атрофические изменения, очаговые и диффузные поражения головного мозга. В случаях без АРВТ чаще встречались крупные очаги, определялись перифокальный отек и накопление контрастного препарата в зоне изменений центральной нервной системы, изменения нарастали при прогрессировании иммуносупрессии. Основным отличительным лучевым признаком поражения головного мозга при СВИC была острая воспалительная демиелинизация. Целесообразно расширение показаний и условий для проведения радиологических исследований головного мозга при подозрении на вовлечение его в патологический процесс или при первых признаках когнитивных или психоневрологических расстройств у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective is to describe a radiation semiotics of brain lesions depending on immunosuppression state caused by HIV-infection and HIV replication activity.Methods: We analyzed results of a complex X-Ray examination of 300 HIV-infected adult patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. All patients were divided into groups depending on status of antiretroviral therapy (ARVT), amount of CD4-lymphocytes in the blood, and on detected brain lesions. Patients with the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) were placed in a separate group.Results: Symptoms of HIV-encephalopathy were detected in more than a half of patients. We identified a wide range of coinfections and opportunistic diseases with brain damage. With development of immunosuppression we recorded the increase in number of focal and diffuse central nervous system. At IRIS new lesions appeared and old lesions increased in size in the brain; the confluent pattern of changes was recorded up to generalization. IRIS was associated either with beginning of ARVT or with its resumption after a break, and symptoms of abnormal progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy were significantly more frequently visualized.Conclusions: Atrophic changes, focal and diffuse brain lesions were detected in most patients with HIV-infection. Large foci were more common in cases without ARVT, perifocal edema and contrast uptake in the area of changes of central nervous system were detected, changes increased with the progression of immunosuppression. The main distinguishing radiation symptom of brain damage in IRIS was acute inflammatory demyelination. It is rationale to expand indications and conditions to conduct radiological examination of the brain in cases of suspected pathological process or in primary symptoms of cognitive or neuropsychological disorders in patients with HIV-infection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>центральная нервная система</kwd><kwd>синдром восстановления иммунной системы</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV-infection</kwd><kwd>central nervous system</kwd><kwd>immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Азовцева О.В., Богачева Т.Е., Вебер В.Р., Архипов Г.С. 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