Objective. There are numerous studies on the vaginal mucosa changes depending on the hormonal status of the woman , but the level of vagina lysozyme at different colpocytologic picture in terms of the climacteric syndrome (CS) has not been studied. Methods. 140 women aged from 42 to 52 were examined. The relation of the cytological picture of vaginal mucosa with the level of serum lysozyme and vagina was studied. We examined gonadotropin and sex hormones. The morphological structure of the cells in the vaginal smear characterized the type of numerical maturation index (NUM). Results. In women with CS vaginal epithelial cell composition depended on the ratio of luteinizing (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) hormones. The highest level of NUM were found in menstruating women with CS at a ratio of LH/FSH less than 0.5. When the ratio of LH/FSH 0.5-2 and non-menstruating women often recorded proliferative type smear while reducing the level of vaginal lysozyme. The lowest level of the vaginal lysozyme was detected in non-menstruating women with CS at a mixed type smear. In menstruating women with CS at a ratio of LH/FSH greater than 2, and mixed type smear was a significant rise of the lysozyme level of vagina. Conclusions. Both the decrease and the increase of lysozyme level on the background of the vagina changes the vaginal epithelium proliferative activity can disrupt vaginal microbiocenosis with the subsequent development of benign and malignant diseases of the vagina and cervix.