Background. According to the World Health Organization up to 75 % of the population in various regions of the Earth suffer from the partial teeth absence. Needs in orthopedic treatment by demountable prosthesis in such patients is 33-58%. The research objective is pathogenetic choice substantiation of the basic stomatologic materials on the basis of the analysis of the immune homeostasis parameters of a mucous membrane of a mouth. Methods. 36 men of 25-85 years old for the occlusive rehabilitation of whom the acrylic and nylon prosthesis were used are examined. The control - 12 patients of 20-85 years old with a similar dental pathology but requiring preliminary surgical preparation for prosthetics. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the morphological substratum providing an immune homeostasis of a mucous membrane of a mouth in the field of an orthopedic bed are studied. Results. Together with the orthopedic stomatitis there was a quantity substantial growth of intraepithelial T-lymphocytes and increase in proliferative epithelial activity. At use of the acrylic materials the quantity of antigen-presenting cells statistically increased, in an alteration zone the maintenance of intraepithelial lymphocytes increased. Conclusions. Orthopedic treatment with use of demountable prosthesis causes changes of parameters of an immune homeostasis of a mucous membrane of a mouth and character of these changes (clinical and morphological) is defined by the chemical components contained in basic plastics. At using of the nylon prosthesis the changes of the immune homeostasis of a mucous membrane of a mouth are less expressed in comparison with similar indicators at use of the acrylic plastics.