The authors have performed a comprehensive fertility assessment in Primorskiy Krai over the years 1989-2012 based on the statistics presented by the Federal State Statistics Service and the regional medical information-analytical center of Primorye. From 1989 to 1999 the total natality in Primorskiy Krai has decreased by 1.93 times. Its growth began since 2000, which was largely due to the withdrawal from another demographic fail and the increasing number of women of childbearing age. Since 2006 the total natality dynamics has been positively influenced by the state policy implementation aimed to stimulate the birth rate within the framework of the parent capital programme and social support for the families with children. Birth rate in the rural areas has traditionally been higher than in town. The most intensive growth was recorded in the period 2006-2012, when it came to 20 % in towns and 22.7 % in rural areas. From 1992 up to 2012 the population in the Primorskiy region has decreased by 354.7 thousand people, representing 15.4 %. The most intensive depopulation was during the 90s of the last century. But even in the first decade of the XXI century, when the natality began to rise, the population over the last 10 years has decreased by 120.2 thousand people or 5.8 % compared to 2003. At the same time there has been a structural degradation process of the people. During the first decade of this century a regressive type of the population has formed. The results of the analysis show that in the environment of continuing depopulation it is essential to pay special attention to the birth stimulating. One of the priorities in this sphere is ensuring the medical institutions with the physicians and nurses, enhancing their skills level that determine the availability and quality of medical care.