High medical and social significance of the diseases causes of the circulatory system is a reason to study their prevalence and planning the need for surgical treatments. Methods. The analysis of the need for surgical treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Russia and the Far East Federal District (FEFD) was carried out, taking into account the prevalence of the main types of diseases of the circulatory system and the forecast changes in the incidence. Results. In comparison with 2006, the total incidence of circulatory system diseases among the adult population in Russia will increase by 14.2 % by 2016; among children aged 15-17 - 39.6 %, and among children under the age of 14 - will decrease by 13.4 %. In terms of basic nosology in the country and in the FEFD and growth of the primary disease in cerebrovascular diseases will be 1.6 and 1.7 times, respectively. Taking into account the rate of increase number of surgical interventions in diseases of the circulatory system the amount of growth is projected for 2016 operations for congenital heart diseases by 1.6 times, with acquired heart diseases - in 1.9 times, in coronary heart disease - by 2.9 and 5.7 times (coronary artery bypass surgery and transluminal angioplasty), during operations on the arterial bed - in 2,3 times. The minimum level of security operations at disturbances of heart rhythm and conduction in the country will be provided already in 2016. Conclusions. The data shows an increase in accessibility for the population of Russia and the FEFD cardiac care, but still insufficient for its needs.