pmjТихоокеанский медицинский журналPacific Medical Journal1609-1175TGMUpmj-937Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРеабилитация межнейронной синцитиальной связи в нервной системеRECOVERING TRANS-NEURONAL SYNCYTIAL TIES IN NERVOUS SYSTEMСотниковО. С.SotnikovO. S.sotnikov@kolt.infran.ruФрумкинаЛ. Е.FrumkinaL. E.noemail@neicon.ruМайоровВ. Н.MayorovV. N.noemail@neicon.ruПарамоноваН. М.ParamonovaN. M.noemail@neicon.ruЛактионоваА. А.LaktionovaA. A.noemail@neicon.ruБоголеповН. Н.BogolepovN. N.noemail@neicon.ruИнститут физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАНРоссияI.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, RASRussian FederationНаучный центр неврологии РАМНРоссияResearch Centre of Neurology, RAMSRussian Federation201228062012027583Copyright © Сотников О.С., Фрумкина Л.Е., Майоров В.Н., Парамонова Н.М., Лактионова А.А., Боголепов Н.Н., 20122012Сотников О.С., Фрумкина Л.Е., Майоров В.Н., Парамонова Н.М., Лактионова А.А., Боголепов Н.Н.Sotnikov O.S., Frumkina L.E., Mayorov V.N., Paramonova N.M., Laktionova A.A., Bogolepov N.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.tmj-vgmu.ru/jour/article/view/937

В дискуссии нейронистов и ретикуляристов принципиальным было взаимное категорическое отрицание противоположной теории. Основным доказательством нейронной доктрины стало открытие синапсов с помощью электронного микроскопа. Однако в принципе это открытие не отрицало межнейронного синцития. Сегодня выявлен ряд фактов, не соответствующих нейронной доктрине: наличие в нервной системе помимо синапсов еще и высокопроницаемых мембранных контактов с межклеточными порами, несовпадение с клеточной теорией и др. Эти данные требуют дополнения и видоизменения нейронной доктрины. Остается нерешенным главный вопрос: существует ли цитоплазматическая синцитиальная связь между нейронами. Наличие такой связи между гигантскими клетками и волокнами у моллюсков, ракообразных, полихет и других беспозвоночных давно доказано. В статье впервые обобщены данные о синцитиальной связи нейронов позвоночных в коре большого мозга, гиппокампе и автономной нервной системе позвоночных. Показано, что они развиваются при дефиците глиального покрытия нейронов, на щелевых или плотных контактах. Приведено описание синцитиальных пор и широких перфораций спаренных мембран нейронов, а также слияние их тел у эмбрионов крыс. Впервые описан способ целенаправленного экспериментального слияния нейронов.

The discussions between neuronists and reticularists have been characterised by complete mutual flat rejection of the opposite theory. The neuron doctrine relies on the discovery of synapses via electronic microscope but this discovery in principle does not deny transneuronal syncytium. Today, there are factors that are inconsistent with the neuron doctrine. These are: presence of highly porous membrane contacts with intracellular pores, inconsistence with cell theory, etc. These data require the neuron doctrine to be supplemented and modernised. The key question, whether there are cytoplasmatic syncytial ties between neurons, remains unanswered. These ties between giant cells and fibres in molluscs, crustaceans, polychaetes, and other invertebrates have been proved a long time ago. The paper first summarises data about syncytial ties of vertebrates’ neurons in the cortex of cerebrum, hippocampus and autonomous nervous system of vertebrates. As reported, it results from the deficit in glial neuron cover, on gap or tight junctions. The authors describe syncytial pores and wide perforations of conjugated neuronal membranes and their fusion in rats’ embryos and indicate a method of targeted experimental fusion of neurons.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.