Morphometric characteristics of acroteric villi in case of placenta infection by pathogens of intrauterine infections

Abstract

Objective. The study objective is the morphometric characterization of acroteric villi in the infection of placenta from premature births with pathogens of prenatally significant infections. Methods. 34 placentas were studied after premature birth. A molecular genetic analysis was conducted; a histological and morphometric study was performed. The villi were counted in each field of view, their area, perimeter, horizontal and vertical dimensions, number of capillaries and their distance to syncytiotropho-blast were measured. Results. In 55.9 % placenta, genomes of intrauterine infections have been identified, including the DNA of Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Streptococcus agalactiae, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes human virus type 4. In infected placentas, inflammatory processes (placenta, chorioamnionitis, deciduit, villusitis) are defined in 89.5 % of cases. Morphometric parameters of acroteric villus infected placenta were characterized by a decrease in vascular content and an increase in the distance of the vessels from syncytiotrophoblast (which indicated a decrease in gas exchange and developing hypoxia), as well as an increase in compensatory-adaptive reactions aimed at expanding the gas exchange area and improving the viability of the fetus. Conclusion. The use of morphometric characteristics of acroteric villi facilitates the discovery of mechanisms for the pathogenesis of intrauterine placenta damage and the formation of miscarriages, improving the prognosis of the newborn's condition.