CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MUTATIONS OF RESISTANCE OF HIV-1 ON THE TERRITORY OF PRIMORSKIY TERRITORY

Objective: to analyze incidence rate of genetic variations of human immunodeficiency virus 1 and mutation of resistance to protease inhibitors (PI), to Nucleoside and Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI and NNRTI) in Primorskiy Territory.
Methods: We presented results of examinations of 124 batches of patients with HIV-infection having lived in Primorskiy Territory and having observed in Regional Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases in 2013–2019. Blood plasma taken during the period of therapy served as the material for molecular genetic studies. To isolate nucleic acids, the reverse transcription reaction, the polymerase chain reaction, and the cyclic sequencing reaction, the HIV-1 Genotyping System v. 2.0 test system was used (Celera Diagnostics, Abbott, USA). The gene encoding the protease of the pathogen (1–99 codons) and two thirds of the gene encoding the reverse transcriptase (1–335 codons) were subjected to investigation. The AB 3500 genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA) was used to determine the sequences by capillary electrophoresis method.
Results: The most frequently registered resistance simultaneously to NRTIs and NNRTIs (23.4 %). At the same time, drug resistance to drugs of one of the groups of reverse transcriptase inhibitors was quite common (9.7 %). The number of patients in whom drug resistance was caused by mutations of resistance to NRTI and NNRTI (54.9 %), both in isolation and in combination with PI mutations, turned out to be large. The level of resistance to PI was low (4.8 %). Drug resistance to drugs of the three groups was detected in 10 cases (8.1 %).
Conclusions: Among examined patients with virological and immunological failure of antiretroviral therapy residing in the territory of Primorskiy Territory, the subtype B of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is the most common. The pathogen had mutations of drug resistance in more than half of the cases. It creates an unfavorable situation with the spread of mutations in the population and the formation of primary resistance. Of course, methods of molecular genetic analysis are of great importance both in studying the epidemiological distribution of variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and in the selection and correction of antiretroviral therapy in cases of its ineffectiveness.

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