Значение плейотропных эффектов витамина D в постшоковом периоде при тяжелой сочетанной травме

В обзоре представлена роль системной воспалительной реакции в патогенезе иммуносупрессии при тяжелой травме. Клинически, многие пациенты с признаками системного воспаления и иммунологически обусловленного органного повреждения, то есть в фазе предполагаемой активации про-воспалительных медиаторов, одновременно остаются очень восприимчивыми к вторичным инфекциям. В нейтрофилах особенно показательно проявляются двойственные черты одновременно активации и супрессии. Органная дисфункция в критическом состоянии, в значительной степени, обусловлена нейтрофилами. Взаимодействие с иммунной системы является одним из важных эффектов витамина D. Активные его формы регулируют приобретенный и врожденный иммунитет, поскольку рецепторы к витамину D представлены во многих клетках иммунной системы, таких как макрофаги, дендритические клетки, Т- и В-лимфоциты. Множеством исследований подтверждено, что недостаток витамина D или рецепторов к нему может стать причиной нарушений функций врожденного и приобретенного иммунитета. Влияние витамина D на иммунную систему может быть обусловлено механизмом обратной паракринной связи, посредством которой снижается воспалительный ответ, влиянием на дифференцировку T-лимфоцитов-хелперов и подавление их функции. В этой связи чрезвычайно важно разобраться в эпидемиологии недостаточности витамина D среди пациентов отделений реанимации, выяснить значение его дефицита в формировании синдрома полиорганной недостаточности в постшоковом периоде и прогнозе при тяжелой сочетанной травме.

нозокомиальная инфекция, системная воспалительная реакция, антирегуляторный дезадаптивный синдром, синдром комплексной иммунодисфункции

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