Cephalometric prediction of facial soft tissue changes as an essential stage in planning the treatment of dental anomalies and deformities (A literature review)
https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2025-4-38-43
Abstract
Today, orthognathic treatment for correcting dental and jaw abnormalities and deformities is increasingly becoming the method of choice for patients. Since the appearance of the face is mainly determined by soft tissues, predicting their response to the spatial displacement of bone structures is an essential step in planning surgical intervention. In this article, we carry out a review of existing and promising methods for predicting changes in facial soft tissues in orthognathic surgery. Both conventional manual and modern virtual planning (VSP) technologies are considered. We established that despite the high accuracy (< 2 mm) of modern software packages for VSP, prediction remains a difficult task. Accuracy is influenced by the anatomical and topographical features of the maxillofacial region, individual ratios of hard and soft tissue movements (e.g., the upper lip follows the upper jaw by 70–80%, and the lower lip follows the lower jaw by 66%), as well as biological factors (sex, race, tissue thickness). Promising research directions include the development of 3D methods based on CT and MRI, as well as the use of AI algorithms for automated analysis. The standards currently available relate to Caucasians/North Americans and cannot be applied to other races. Therefore, research aimed at determining cephalometric indicators that reflect the ethnic origin of potential patients appears highly relevant.
About the Authors
I. V. Kan
Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University;
Regional Clinical Hospital
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ivan V. Kan, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Department of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery; Maxillofacial Surgeon
3a Partizana Zheleznyaka Street, Krasnoyarsk, 660022, Russia
S. N. Derevtsova
Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University;
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Krasnoyarsk
E. A. Bakova
Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University;
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Krasnoyarsk
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Review
For citations:
Kan I.V., Derevtsova S.N., Bakova E.A. Cephalometric prediction of facial soft tissue changes as an essential stage in planning the treatment of dental anomalies and deformities (A literature review). Pacific Medical Journal. 2025;(4):38-43. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2025-4-38-43
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