The paper overviews results of authors’ studies into molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and its role in reparation of mucous coat after deafferentation and mechanical injury of maxillary sinus. The progression of apoptosis, extent of production of nitric oxide, p53 and Bcl-2 in mucous cells appear to be interdependent. The nitric oxide is capable of showing proand anti-apoptogenic effects in different periods after injury. These processes result in the reduction of secondary injury of cells due to nitric oxide effects on apoptosis and stimulation of trophic and regeneration-related capabilities of the mucous coat. The inhibition of apoptosis can facilitate the regeneration processes. The stimulation of apoptosis in future may exhibit cytoprotective effects in case of secondary injury of inflammatory products

This paper offers a literature review on the prevalence of pain syndrome and sex-related differences in pain perception. The authors present the present-day experimental studies that confirm the important role of sex hormones in mechanisms of pain generation, and consider some of the issues related to sexual dimorphism in nociceptive and anti-nociceptive processes.

The medical observation of 55 patients aged 44-58 years old suffering from chronic obstructive lung disease has allowed to study the relationship between the levels of osteoprotegerin, markers of bone metabolism, tumour necrosis-a factor in blood serum and bone tissue mineral density. The Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was a technique used to measure the bone tissue mineral density. All this allowed diagnosing the osteopenic syndrome in 43 cases and confirming the direct correlation between the content of tumour necrosis-a factor and markers of bone resorption in blood serum, and between the content of osteoprotegerin and bone tissue mineral density.

The author has examined 123 patients aged 25 to 85 years old undergone denture treatment. The impression smear cytology (phase contrast microscopy) and oral mucous bioptate cytology (immunohistochemistry) allowed to find out that the changing cytological picture has closely correlated to the phenotypic profile of cell-mediated response that characterised the local homeostasis. The author offers to apply the cytological screening for carrying out near-patient diagnosis of the immune status in the oral mucous membrane in the impression area.

The authors have studied the state of oral cavity immunity during the orthodontic treatment with permanent implants in 192 patients aged 18 to 25 years old. The mixed saliva samples were collected to measure activity of lysozyme, levels of secretory immunoglobulin A and interleukin-4 in dynamics. The orthodontic treatment activates the paradontium tissue inflammation; therefore the efficient therapy should be oriented to in an integrated manner apply antibacterial and immune-modulating drugs.

Using clinical immunohistochemical screening the authors have analysed the dependence in the changes of oral mucosal membrane known to arise from the application of removable and bridge dental prostheses considering the anatomic substrate parameters that ensured local immune homeostasis. As shown, there is an advantage of implant-supported fixed porcelain fused metal prostheses over the acrylic resin dental prostheses. The authors offer a new protocol of orthopedic treatment that considers the state of immune homeostasis in the oral cavity. This protocol includes an integrated examination with prosthetic bed biopsy that plays a key role in choosing the dental prosthesis.

The authors have measured the cytokine levels (tumour necrosisα factor, interleukins 1β, 4 and 6) in blood serum and oral fluid before and after dental implantation in 30 patients aged 30-60 years old, and compared the indices obtained in case of non-complicated post-surgery period (20 patients) and during the post-surgery period complicated with mucositis (10 patients). After implantation, there was a significant increase of the tumour necrosis-а factor at the local and system levels. During the postoperative period, the content of interleukin-1p in oral fluid considerably exceeded the level of other cytokines. The local cytokine profile in patients with complicated course of the post-operative period was mostly characterised by increased level of interleukin-6 and insufficient content of interleukin-4. As reported, the level of interleukin-4 in saliva of over 4 pg/mL may be indicative of complicated dental implantation.

To show the peculiarities of the circadian organization of chewing system in connection to the identified circadian type, one hundred practically healthy persons 21-35 years were subdivided into three groups using test by Ostberg; the results of their electromyography, gnatodynamometry, and the chewing efficiency estimation have been compared. Based on the dynamics of the absolute values and the formation of relations between the studied parameters it was shown for the optimum functioning of chewing to be about 12:00 at persons with morning type, to be between 12:00 and 16:00 at «middle» type, and closely to each other. Whereas the similar time for the persons with evening type was revealed closer to 20:00. These differences were recommended like necessary to take into account in planning the time of orthopaedic dental manipulations.

The paper analyses the trophic status of 22 infants aged 6 to 12 months with toxic dystrophic syndrome and reveals that the treatment formulas containing high degree of albuminolysis, and delactosed and acidified milk formulas should be widely used to provide staged nutritional support of infants with severe forms of intestinal absorption disorders. It is of the utmost importance that the individually staged nutritional support depends on both the severity of the course and patient background status, as well as infant the feeding characteristics prior to admission to hospital. The authors have developed the optimal algorithm of nutritional support for children with toxic dystrophic syndrome in intensive care units, depending on the feeding type.

The paper aims to analyse effects from intensive carious lesions and hygienic state of oral cavity on life quality of children aged 7 to 10 years old. The adapted parents-oriented questionnaire OHQoL has been used to evaluate the children’s life quality. The caries intensity exhibits reliable effects on all the dental status components like physical discomfort in the oral cavity as well as children’s functional disorders, emotional, social and family well-being.

The dynamic dental observation and questioning showed high prevalence and intensity of caries (CFE =13.6±0.1 points), given the pregnant women’s low oral hygiene (OHI-S 1.8±0.1, CPITN 1.3±0.2 points). The questioning indicated insufficient information awareness about means and methods of oral hygiene. Most of respondents (71%) have had no idea of high risk of early childhood caries arisen from mother and nurses. The authors’ studies have proved the need to develop and implement dental disease prevention programs among pregnant women.

The authors have examined in dynamic 50 patients (31 women and 19 men) aged 20 to 43 years old with chronic tonsillitis during exacerbation. Twenty patients were diagnosed for Epstein-Barr virus, thirty patients were diagnosed for Streptococcus pyogenes. The interleukin-10 content increased during the first 24 hours, interleukin-4 after 7 days of the follow-up of patients with chronic tonsillitis associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. Besides, there was long-lasting maintenance of high levels of interleukin-17 and stable high content of the transforming growth factor-beta in mixed saliva. The authors recommended to include determination of local interleukin-10 level as part of the examination algorithm for patients with chronic tonsillitis aimed to identify the disease aetiology.

Three-year follow-up of 60 patients aged 18 to 25 years old reveals the effects from application of remineralising gel in dental clinic that appears to increase the resistance of tooth enamel to bacterial life products and proves to be an efficient medication aimed at the prevention of dental caries. This is confirmed by data obtained from X-ray imaging, electron microscopy, measurements of fluorescence and conductance of hard tooth tissues, and authors’ method of clinical assessment of hard tooth tissue state, and statistic analysis.

The medical examination of 80 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases allowed to detect the high occurrence of dental pathology like chronic catarrhal and chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, inflammatory diseases of paradontium, and find out hemodynamic disorders in paradontium and oral mucosa at different levels. The authors have pointed out the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in oral fluid and high occurrence of Epstein-Bar viral infection that is indicative of the imbalance of local immunity factors. These changes may be responsible for high occurrence of dental pathology in patients with chronic cicatrizing enteritis and ulcerative colitis.

The paper describes examination of 115 dental patients aged 20 to 60 years old: 50 patients with halitosis, 42 patients with halitosis and chronic tonsillitis and 23 patients without complaints of oral malodour. As reported, there is a correlation between gingivitis, periodontitis, intensity of tongue plaque, and halitosis. Both improper oral cavity hygiene and chronic tonsillitis are known to be one of the predisposing causes of foul breath.

The paper describes integrated examination of 140 patients (67 men and 73 women) aged 20 to 65 years old suffering from excessive tooth wear of different severity. The excessive dental abrasion causes morphological and functional defects of hard tooth tissues. Four types of responses with relative functional states might occur in masticatory muscles due to the load. Successes in treating patients with excessive tooth wear directly depend on the state of dentition. To restore the function of masticatory muscles is one of the most important stages of rehabilitation.

The paper provides the study in epidemiological features of epilepsy in Primorsky Krai at the turn of the XX and XXI century and reports that for the last ten years the prevalence rate for epilepsy in the region has increased, mostly, due to patients of 20 to 29 years old. The authors indicate that the occurrence of epilepsy among the elderly persons has decreased that is accounted for by inadequate application of modern diagnostic tools. The current situation dictates the need of developing new standards to diagnose epilepsy and elaborating adequate strategy of drug therapy.

The paper analyses examination and follow-up cases of 435 patients with cranio-facial injury in Vladivostok Clinical Hospital No.2 in 2009-2011. Most patients were young men of active working age. The fractures of the upper facial and midfacial areas prevailed and were caused by road accidents. The home and road accidents mostly resulted from alcohol and drug intoxication. The early surgical repair allowed achieving maximum functional and aesthetic results, avoiding or minimising possibility of post-injury deformations and speeding up regress of neurological symptoms.

The article is devoted to surgical treatment of patients with third class of malocclusion. The review of literature covers its classification, historical aspects of surgical treatment, limits of orthodontic treatment, diagnostics and surgical treatment planning. The article contains results achieved by authors and the review of clinical cases.

The authors have carefully studied the health status of young males aged fifteen to seventeen who are living in Khabarovsk and found the decrease in number and the rate of sick and primary incidence for that group of patients. One young male in three was registered as dispensary case as to chronic illness and required preventive and curative interventions. In the structure of chronic pathology, diseases of the digestive system and musculoskeletal system were prevailing. One young male in three had deferment on medical grounds during initial draft registering.

The authors have described the case of maxilla atypical right-sided odontogenic osteomyelitis in patient aged twenty-eight who took Desomorphine. Within two years he underwent several operative treatments such as maxillectomy and resection of facial bone, exploration of pathologic area and repair of oroantral anastomosis, lancing of abscess, necrotomy and dermato-fascial plastic reconstruction with application of collagen-based materials. In such clinical cases, when sanation by mouth is unavailable or there is a recurrent disease as well as fistulous tracts in the midface, it is required to lay emphasis on the necessity to use open accesses to maxilla and combine elements of primary reconstruction with formation of local vascularized flaps.

The paper provides analysis for 60 cases of pyoinflammatory diseases of children aged six to eighteen. When the pathology was uncomplicated, no clinical evidence of intoxication was observed. If the odontogenic abscesses were evident, the tachycardia of toxic genesis was registered in 40% of cases. Such clinical features as feeling unwell and transient tachycardia should not be completely referred to endointoxication because they might be considerably caused by children>s pain syndrome and psychoemotional stress. Key words: pyoinflammatory pathology, maxilla-facial area.

The authors have made full removable dentures for 60 patients with total secondary toothlessness and various types of ringe bone atrophy of both jaws: in 30 cases using face bows and articulators and in 30 cases in accordance with standard practice using occludators. Three months later, they run a masticatory test by I.S. Rubinov. In the first group, with adaptation to removable dentures for 2 weeks, the chewing efficiency was 85% and the chewing time increased by 4 sec. In the second group the figures were 78% and 8 sec., respectively, but the adaptation to dentures lasted for 4 weeks.

The authors have carried out dental examination of 758 young males aged eighteen subject to the army draft. The permanent tooth decay rate was 3.62. There was a high incidence of tooth decay (83.6%) and its complications (37.6%).

The paper provides results of treatment of 46 patients aged 18 to 54 years old with maxillofacial defects and deformations undergone reparative surgeries with resorbable plates and pins SonicWeld Rx (KLS Martin) in the Centre of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery of MSUMD from February, 2009 to July, 2011. All the follow-ups during 24 months showed stable position of autografts. There were no cases of deflection of plates or pins that ensured good aesthetic outcome. The usage of stable resorbable system showed the same quality as the application of traditional methods of osteosynthesis.

The paper analyses treatment of 216 patients with innate and acquired maxillofacial anomalies and deformations and describes the algorithm of comprehensive rehabilitation after osteoplastic and reparative surgery that allows reaching good anatomical, functional and aesthetic results. The comprehensive rehabilitation appears to be more efficient, if there is a need to save the condylar process. Its results depend very much upon the extent of temporomandibular joint trauma (unilateral or bilateral), patient’s age, surgical procedure, and efficiency of preventive and curative measures aimed at the optimisation of longitudinal growth of low jaws.

Myorelaxing mouth guards are considered to be one of the comprehensive methods to treat patients with bruxism. This notwithstanding, its presence may have influence on dental plaque. This paper aims to determine levels of oral hygiene and microbial contamination in patients with bruxism, and to assess efficiency of ozone therapy in reducing the risk for dental caries. Thirty examinations confirm efficiency of tooth surface ozonisation with HealO-zone (KaVo) device to minimise the risk for dental caries in case of splint therapy.

The paper describes issues of orthopedic treatment of patients with few teeth in case there is a need to lower the lower face area. The authors have made prosthetic appliances for 32 patients and determined the height of lower face area in 16 of them using traditional anatomical physiological methods. The other patients were diagnosed via electromyography of mastication muscles. The findings show that an adequate choice of optimum position of the lower jaw bone relative to the upper one accelerates recovery of well-balanced operation of maxillofacilal muscular system and reduces the adaptation period.

The paper describes experience of 48 surgical procedures for midface injuries with orbital floor fractures. The reticular titanium nickelide-based alloy made in Tomsk University has been used to replace this defect and restore the eye-pit. There were no post-operative complications caused by suppuration or implant shift. As reported, the reticular titanium nickelide allows to raise the efficiency of surgical procedures on patients with traumatic fractures of midface due to material properties, for example, bioinertia, superelasticity and reticular structure, ensures ‘tissue ingrowth’ and, therefore, prevents any shifts of implant without additional fixation.

The paper provides methods of alveolar ridge augmentation using ring-shaped transplant in combination with Ankylos implants considered to be an alternative of classic two-stage augmentation. Describing advantages and disadvantages of various donor areas (chin, roof of mouth, retromolar lower jaw bone), the authors present sinus-lift procedure and surgical techniques for marked lower jawbone atrophy, retention, and canine tooth dystopy.

The paper describes 41 examinations of juvenile nasopharynx angiofibroma and presents capabilities of computer-based tomography to estimate extent of paranasopharyngeal invasion of the neoplasm and choosing adequate surgical approach to ensure its removal. The authors discuss advantages and disadvantages of lateral rhinotomy, Lauers Bolon method and indications for combined approach.

Article is a scientific biography of D.D. Pletnev’s pupil, professor A.Z. Chernov, his contribution to the development of domestic cardiology is represented

Article is a scientific biography of the eminent cardiologist V.N. Vinogradov with the emphasis on his contribution to the development of domestic therapy and cardiology.