Review of the literature devoted to the chemical structure, physicochemical properties, pharmacological activity and the nutritional value of non-starch polysaccharides, representing one of the most complex and diverse chemically groups of organic compounds. Physiological effects and mechanisms of action of non-starch polysaccharides in animals and humans are described. The role of these compounds in the prevention of socially significant diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, intestinal dysbiosis, and colorectal cancer. Non-starch polysaccharides are the basis for the creation of new functional foods, dietary supplements and pharmaceutical substances.

Glioblastoma multiforme, one of the most aggressive human brain tumor. Most current treatments are not effective, the median survival time of 12-14 months. One of the leading causes of treatment resistance is associated with tumor stem cells. The analysis of modern approaches to the creation of biomedical drugs effects on tumor stem cells glioblastoma multiforme on the achievements of modern cellular and post-genomic technologies. Proposed the idea of a combination of methods of targeted therapy with technology regulation of the key functions of tumor stem cells cellular systems with remodel proteome.

Background. One of the essential medical tasks is an efficient choice of dosage forms according to main points of biopharmaceutical concepts. An advantageous object for such development is a dry as-pen bark extract (“Ekorsin”), created by joint collaboration of Pharmaceutical technology department, ASMU, RIPRM named E.D. Goldberg and CJSC “Altaivitaminy”. Its pilled dosage form showed high antiulcer activity at preclinical stage which was confirmed at clinical stage. Methods. For a comparative study of the pharmacological activity of the tablets “Ekorsin” and newly developed dosage form - capsules “Ekorsin forte”- conventional models of neurogenic and indometacin ulcerogenesis were used in two animal species. Results. In the context of the model of neurogenic ulcer formation in mice revealed preferential antiul-cer efficacy of capsule with a mixture of dry aspen bark extract. In the context of indometacin defect of gastric mucosa in mice revealed prominent antiulcer efficacy of a capsule mixture which were more active than pills. conclusions. Benchmark assessment of antiulcer activity in two models of experimental ulcerogenesis in mice and rats suggests surpassing activity of the capsules “Ekorsin forte” to pills “Ekorsin”. Activity varied depending on genesis of ulcerous destruction.

Background. Toxic testing of new pharmacological substances is an obligatory part of preclinical drug development. Nowadays RIPRM named E.D. Goldberg study a medicine based α(1,2)-L-рамно-α(1,4)-D-галактопиранозилуронана from rhizomes Acorus calamus L. Methods. Somatic mosaicism were tested in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutant bristles of heterozygous female of first generation phenotype singed were counted as well spots and bristles on the bodies of phenotype yellow after breeding them in the environment with adding of the studied medicine, concentration 4 and 6.25 %. Results. Authentic differences were not detected in experimental groups in females compared with control groups. Conclusions. A(1,2)-L-ramno-a(1,4)-D-galactopiranoziluronan Acorus calamus L. does not display mutagenic characteristics

Background. The study results of the effect of stress factors - soil drought and shading - on the structural and functional characteristics of Ajan spruce and fir Korean were brought. Methods. Structure adaptation of photosynthetic mechanism of Ajan spruce and fir Korean was studied in shady location and soil drought in vegetative experience condition. Methods of macerated tissues were used. Results. The character of structural and functional changes and the level of response to the drought in Ajan spruce and fir Korean differs. Low values of the index of cell membranes, the index of chloroplast membranes and cell volume of the chloroplast in dry conditions showed the approach to “the stress range” of vegetation and rehabilitation of weak capacity Ajan spruce. Shady location rendered a milder effect. conclusions. In the process of adaptive mutations in conditions of drought Ayan spruce forms the photosynthetic mechanism of xeromorphic type with low assimilation capacity. Fir Korean adapts mesostructure to reduce the negative impact of environmental factors on photosynthesis and is characterized as a kind of labile under conditions of southern Primorye.

Methods. In the serum of 20 patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and chronic hepatitis C virus protein concentration was determined S100, GFAP and NSE. Results. The level of S100 in serum in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome has been raised 13 times; the concentration of GFAP did not differ from the control values, the content of NSE in 11 cases was increased by 5 times. S100 and GFAP levels in the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C were close to normal values; the content of NSE in 11 patients was increased by 3 times. Conclusions. The presence of violations of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, and neuropathology, possibly vascular and autoimmune origin that involves the cells of the neuroendocrine system in the pathogenesis of encephalopathy in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and chronic hepatitis C virus.

Background. Cytotoxic T cell subsets with distinct homing potentials, phenotype and effector functions play an important part in many chronic viral infections and autoimmune diseases. Methods. Using 10-color flow cytometry we characterized cytotoxic T cell subsets based on expression of CD45RA, CD62L, CD27, and CD28 and compared the expression of CD56 and CD57 between these subsets. Results. It was shown that CD56 positive cells were predominantly immature T-cells, expressing CD27 and/or CD28. CD57 was found mainly on the cell membrane of most mature populations, lacking CD27 or both co-stimulation molecules. Co-expression of both antigens was determined exclusively on the most mature populations of T cells, which belonged to effector memory (CD45RA^-CD62L^-) and terminally differentiated effectors (cD45RA+CD62L⁺) CD3⁺CD8⁺ lymphocytes. Conclusions. According to our data in peripheral blood we can identify several populations of cytotoxic T cell with similar properties

Methods. The adverse factors of ontogeny were studied; the coefficient of relative and attributable risk of formation of FI in 50 children aged 10 to 15 years was calculated. The frequency of polymorphisms CC, CT , TT MCM6 gene in 10 children with lactase deficiency was studied. Immunoreactive trypsin in the blood of 24305 newborns was studied. Results. Most of the studied factors were assigned to groups with low and increased susceptibility to the development of FI (88.6 %). The high level of attributable risk indicators had only 5 indexes (11.4 %). Preliminary data on the frequency of genotypes MCM6 are CC and TT (30 %) and CT (40 %). The diagnostic and prognostic value of determination of calprotectin in feces during gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy was proved. The high frequency of latent celiac disease dictates the need to intensify research HLA-DQ2 and DQ8. High levels of immunoreactive trypsin was detected in 1.37 % of newborns, positive retest at 0.18 %. The incidence of cystic fibrosis was 1 patient at 4861 newborns. Conclusions. In the process of verification of food intolerance it is important to use all available means, from assessing the relative and attributable risk of formation of this pathology to the confirmation of the genetic separate clinical entities.

Background. The research objective is an analysis of spatial relations of gas-transmitral neurons in the caudal portion of the brain stem of rats. Methods. The study was performed on 12 adult male rats Wistar weighing 200-240g. Immunopositive neurons groups were studied with immunohistochemical methods for nitric oxide synthase, heme oxygen-ase-2, and cystathionine β-synthase in the projection of the nucleus of the solitary tract, small-cell and gi-ant cell reticular nucleus. Results. Dimensions, share and concentration of NO-, CO- and H₂S-of immunopositive neurons as well as their distribution in each of the investigated nuclei are exceptionally unique. Most of these cells were located in close proximity to each other, forming more or less distinct clusters of neurons of different me-diator specificity. conclusions. In the organization of vasomotor nuclei there are structural conditions for cooperation NO-, CO- and H₂S- of immunopositive neurons and their integration into functional nerve centers of the brain that enhances the management of complex processes in the body.

Methods. Absorption spectra of water and alcohol extracts from roots, leaves, flowers and seeds of anise and Tibetan giant hyssop were registered with a spectrophotometer UV-2501PC (Shimadzu), liquid chromatography of leaves infusions was carried out in a “acetonitrile -water” 9:1 with a chromatograph LC-10VP (Shimadzu) . Results. The absorption spectra of extracts from the roots of the anise and Tibetan giant hyssop, as well as flowers, seeds, leaves and water infusions match. For tincture 95 % ethanol leaves of anise giant hyssop spectrophotometric height maxima in the visible range of 2-2.3, 1.5-1.7, and chromatographic peaks and the value of specific absorption of 1.2 times greater than for Tibetan giant hyssop. Conclusions. Match of the majority of spectrophotometric characteristics of different extractants extracts from different parts of the Tibetan and anise giant hyssop indicates the presence of a part of these plants are similar in chemical nature of the substances. Tibetan and anise giant hyssop leaves significantly differ only on the content of chlorophyll. These spectrophotometric and chromatographic characteristics can be used in the development of normative documents for the manufacture of herbal remedies from giant hyssop.

Background. The use morphometric analysis to identify the characteristics of the respiratory system of the embryo with an overall cooling of pregnant female rats. Methods. The study was conducted on 60 pregnant adult rats aged 3-4 months, weighing 150-180 g with severely dated for all animals for a period of conception and the slaughter period, corresponding to the critical period of ontogenesis - the 14^th day of gestation. The experimental group of animals was subjected to a general cooling of the 7^th to the 14^th day of gestation with a fence material on the 14^th day. Histological sections of lung embryos were subjected to planimetric analysis. Results. The morphometric analysis of the “pseudo glandular” stage of development of light allowed to allocate two morphotype of organogenesis “compact” (I) and “air” (II). Total cooling of pregnant females brought to the restriction of modifications of the epithelial structures of fetal lung. Total area, outer perimeter, length, width tubular light, and the size of the lumen is substantially reduced, increased rows of epithelial formations are increased; organ stroma varies. Conclusions. Established embryonic lung parenchyma morphotypes allow ascertaining the existence of histogenetic options individually organogenesis of the respiratory system, and are implemented in the dynamics of their formation. Cold stress modifies the normal limits of the lung parenchyma, smoothing her morphotypes at a later embryonic period with stromal components.

Tangut rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L., buckwheat family - Polygonaceae) cause increased or slowing intestinal motility, which depends on the content of anthracene and tanidnyh glycosides, which can vary and requires testing of raw materials. Methods. Absorption spectra of aqueous and alcoholic extracts from roots, leaves, flowers and seeds of Tangut rhubarb were recorded with spectrophotometer UV-2501PC (Shimadzu, Japan). Results. Absorption spectra of the extracts from the roots of rhubarb include two peaks in the wavelength range of absorption of anthrotanoglicosides. Although the content of tanoglicosides in rhubarb roots is almost two times higher than that of antroglicosides but corresponding maxima differ little that is apparently more pronounced due to absorption properties of antraglicosides chromophores. It is also shown that specific absorption of extracts of rhubarb roots increases with the concentration of ethanol in the extragent. Conclusion. The ratio of specific absorption of alcohol and water extracts may serve as a characteristic ratio of anthro- tanoglicosides in the roots of rhubarb as an evaluation factor, which take values from 1.7 to 2.3. Exceeding the upper limit of the interval ratio indicate increased content in the feed of tanoglicosides, and decrease below the lower limit - antraglicosides. Absorption spectra of the extracts from the leaves and flowers are typical for rhubarb and flavanones; and extracts from the seeds are typical for the purine alkaloids. The data obtained can be used in the development of normative documents for manufacturing of herbal remedies of rhubarb.

One of the physical work performance prevention ways under the influence of cold is the use of herbal remedies having the adaptogenic effect. Methods. For the experimental study of the frigostaible and actoprotective effects of a tincture Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench under cold load used screening model “endless rope”. Results. Intragastric introduction of lyophilized preparation at a dose 4 mg/kg has increased duration of physical work until absolute fatigue. Echinacea exhibited energy-saving effect under the cold stress and hindered exhaustion of glycogen, adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate reserves in liver and skeletal muscles. Conclusions. Preliminary administration of Echinacea prior to local and common cold exposure normalized physical activity and metabolic status. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench can be used as a adaptogenic remedy for rapid and effective adaptation to cold impact of environment.

Methods. The experiment was conducted during the 2010-2014 growing seasons at the field hospital of FED RAS. As a control group the soil under the grass and herbs was used. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-10 sm layer. Distance from the donor plant was defined as 0.5 projection of his aerial part. Results. The experiment revealed the allelopathic activity of soils of natural populations of P. rupestris and P. scabiosifolia. Index of al-lelopathic activities varied widely, stem sprouts tissue were the most sensitive to the inhibitory effects, and maximum stimulating effect was shown on root tissue. Conclusions. It was found that P rupestris and P scabiosifolia are edificators providing in mature generative condition within Phytogenic field stimulation, in the case of P scabiosifolia, and inhibiting, in the case of P rupestris, effect on the growth and development of seed, thereby influencing the structure of plant communities on the territory of their habitat.

The natural habitat of the Japanese butterbur (Petasites japonicus) occupies the territory of Korea, North China, and Japan. In Russia it grows in the Kuril Islands and in the Sakhalin Island. Methods. Air-dry powdered herb Petasites japonicus was tested, harvested on the Sakhalin Island during the growing season of 2014. Raw materials were extracted with 70 % ethanol, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was carried. Results. Polysaccharides were isolated from grass and roots of Petasites japonicus, the total polyphenol fraction was determined. Conclusions. Raw materials of Japanese butterbur growing on Sakhalin Island contain significant amount of polyphenols and polysaccharides. The main bodies of the accumulation of secondary metabolites are leaves and roots.

Methods. To assess the biological potential of coniferous species in terms of the source of carotenoids the annual dynamics of accumulation of these pigments in the two-year needles of eight species of naturalized and Far Eastern plants were studied. Results. It was established that the maximum number of yellow pigments in the Far East recorded species - a juniper and a solid yew, the minimum - in the naturalized juniper hemispherical. conclusions. Plants with the highest content of carotenoids were identified: the Far Eastern species - a juniper solid (0.31 mg/g) and yew (0.30 mg/g), exotic species - yew form “low” (0.29 mg/g) and cypress Lawson (0.28 mg/g). The findings expand the idea of the synthesis of carotenoids coniferous species of plants and the possibility of using needles as an additional source of multivitamins, food additives and dyes.

Background. Only the roots of the plant are used for the production of eleutherococcus liquid extract. Harvesting the roots usually brings plants to the death, and their ground forces, constituting a significant percentage of the total mass of plant tissues, are not used. Methods. To study the biological activity of the leaf extract of Eleutherococcus in experiments on male mice different types of stress were used: physical stress and debilitating hypodynamic model. Results. Samples “Siberian ginseng leaves (Folia Eleutherococci senticosus)” passed sanitary-hygienic examination for compliance with the “Uniform sanitary and epidemiological and hygienic requirements for goods subject to sanitary-and-epidemiologic supervision (control)” It was confirmed that leaf extract of Eleutherococcus (LD₅₀ = 18,75 ±0,95 ml/kg) is safe; its protective and stimulating effect at different stress responses was displayed. Conclusions. Studies have confirmed the effectiveness and safety of using leaf Siberian ginseng as a die-tary food supplements. The certificate RU.77.99.11.003.E.023222.06.11 from 10.06.2011.

Background. The localization of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 14 and 17 was studied in eutopic en-dometrial tissue of women with internal endometriosis. Methods. The study included 20 women of childbearing age suffering from dysfunctional uterine bleeding and infertility. The control group consisted of patients with no signs of endometriosis, who had a history of pregnancy. The endometrial biopsy was detected the presence and location of MMP14 and MMR17 by immunohis-tochemistry. Results. All women with endometriosis diagnosed glandular endometrial hyperplasia and tissue changes observed selective localization and activity of MMP14 and MMR17. In the endometrial stroma adenomy-osis was a growing activity of MMP14 in the wall of blood vessels and MMP14 expressed MMR17, and in the cells of uterine glands appearing not peculiar stage of the cycle MMR17. Conclusions. Eutopic endometrial tissue of women with adenomyosis are characterized by changing the profile of activity of some MMPs. Together, these changes may disrupt the support and signaling proper-ties of the fabric, creating favorable conditions for endometrioid heterotopia.

Background. To reduce the endogenous intoxication syndrome at toxic liver disease in medical practice chelators, including enterosjell, are used. To enhance the effect of enterosjell it is possible to use natural antioxidants. Mehtods. In the experiment on mongrel male rats toxic hepatitis was simulated. The biochemical parameters of blood plasma and liver were studied in the background enteral injection of enterosjell, of syrup from the juice of Kamchatka bilberry and their composition: enterosjell and syrup from the juice of Kamchatka bilberry. Results. The experimental results show a decrease in the intensity of free radical oxidation and biochemical indices normalization when intake of the antioxidant composition of enterosorbent operating more efficiently than its components separately. conclusions. The syrup from the juice of Kamchatka bilberry has such an effect due to the presence of the biologically active substances in the Vaccinium praestans. The results are an experimental justification of the use of enterosorbent with biologically active food supplements as a preventive or therapeutic agent for a subsidiary toxic hepatitis.

Background. Panax ginseng is a Far Eastern medicinal herb that contains substances with biological activity and improves adaptation to different infavourable conditions. It has been determined that Panax ginseng extract stimulates γ-interferonogenesis in normal conditions and in conditions of its suppression by medicines and chemical agents. Methods. Г-interferonogenesis was tested on a model immunosuppression in mice in normal conditions and in conditions of its suppression by Methotrexate (for intraperitoneal use 0,1 ml/kg a day) or Cadmium chloride (for internal use 3 ml/kg in a day). The dosage of Panax ginseng extract C.A. Mey was 0,1 ml/kg a day for internal use). These substances has been used during 14 days. Results. Xenobiotics trustworthy supprested the macrophagal functional activity that manifested of depression of oxygen-depended metabolism and macrophagal ability to produce the nitrogen oxide metabolites. The prolonged prophylactic application of Panax ginseng extract removed the Methotrexate-induced and the Cadmium chloride-induced functional defect of macrophages. Panax ginseng extract protects immune cells and stimulates γ-interferonogenesis in mice in normal conditions and in conditions of immunosuppression by xenobiotics. Conclusions. Panax ginseng extract contains a lot of substances with specific pharmacological activity. This plant with properties of adaptogen has large perspective for further study and practical application in different branches of medicine.

Methods. The intrinola effect on adhesion and secretory activity of the synthetic monocytes/macrophages was studied in 28 premenopausal women with glandular cystic endometrial hyperplasia (control group - 15 healthy women). Results. Women with endometrial hyperplasia revealed increasing adhesion activity of blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages labilization of lysosomal membranes, accompanied by increased secretion and decreased of the synthesis of intracellular lysozyme. Indinol fort use as a remedy led to the regression of the disease, reduction in macrophage cell adhesive activity, the stabilization of lysosomal membranes, reduction secretion and increase of intracellular synthesis of lysozyme. Conclusions. The data expand the understanding of the mechanism of action of the drug “Indinol Forto”, which causes regression of the disease, and also makes adjustments to the immune system.

Methods. The study involved 80 patients who underwent total knee endoprosthesis replacement. Condi-tion of bone mineral density was studied by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry of the proximal femur and lumbar spine. Given the importance of T-score patients were divided into two groups: the 1^st - 40 patients with T-score not lower -2,5 SD, 2^nd - 40 patients with T-score of less than -2,5 SD. Veins condition of the lower limbs was assessed using Doppler ultrasound. D-dimer levels were used as a laboratory marker of thrombus. Results. There was a significant increase in the concentration of D-dimer in the 7^th postoperative day, more pronounced in the 2^nd group. The differences between the values of the group maintained during 6 months. 6 months later, after surgery venous thrombosis of the lower limbs was diagnosed in 2.5 % of patients in group 1 and 7.5 % of patients in group 2. Conclusions. An interconnection was detected between the increased incidence of venous thrombosis and decreased bone mineral density in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint after total endoprosthesis replacement. There is a necessity of further studying of the characteristics of thrombosis in patients with osteoporosis after operations on the joints.

Modern data (from 21.03.2012 upto 17.05.2015) about Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are discussed in the review: events, which have led to the discovery of the virus, its modern taxonomic status (Nidovirales, Coronaviridae, Coronavirinae, Betacoronavirus, subgenus C), virion morphology, genome structure, scheme of genome replication and gene expression, model of virus circulation in the Middle Eastern natural foci, clinical features of the disease and epidemical dynamics. Increased epidemical activity of MERS-CoV is suggested to be linked with future emergence of large epidemic outbreak beyond the base areal.

Globethistle (Echinops L.) is a large genus of perennial, rare annual or biennial, prickly herbaceous plants of family Asteraceae Dumort. It includes about 190 species common in Europe, Asia, Far East. Species of the genus have medicinal, ornamental properties and also are good melliferous plants. Seed decoctions and fruit tinctures are used in folk medicine - against headache, epilepsy, polio, as well as chronic radiation exposure. Globethistles have manifest decorative properties and widely used in gardening. In the Russian Far East grow two species of the genus - cutleaf globethistle (Echinops dissectus Kitag.) and great globethistle (Echinops sphaerocephalus L.). Cutleaf globethistle is a rare vulnerable species on the border of the area, it is included in the Red Data Book of Primorye Territory. In 2012 we find isolated population of the species which located by the east of main location. In 2014 we find isolated population of great globethistle (in Chernigovskiy District of Primorye Territory). The species earlier was reported only for Khabarovsk Territory. Attempt of culturing of cutleaf globethistle in the arboretum of Gornotaezhnaya station was made in 2012-2014. High seed germinative capacity, dimensions of adult plants which exceed natural ones show perspectives for culture of the economically useful species.

He study is devoted to an experimental research of preventive armouring of proximal femur in patients suffering from different diseases causing degenerative-dystrophic changes in bone tissue (oncology, osteoporosis, fibrous and chondral dysplasia, etc.) and pathologic fractures. Medimatics and bench tests of proximal femur durability armoured by implants of the original constructions showed that metal-armouring can raise the durability of the system “bone-implant” to 23-93 % and prevent frac-tures in low-energy traumas.

Аckground. To assess the biological potential of the far eastern plants as sources of vitamins e, c and carotene, 32 species were studied growing in the mountain taiga station, far eastern department ras. Methods. quantitative determination of the carotene and vitamin conducted on existing techniques in the leaves, dried by air and shady method and milled to a particle size of 2 mm. results. The leaders on the content of vitamins e, c and carotene was sallow thorn, the largest amount of vitamin c found in manchu birch and sweet hogweed. large amount of vitamin e is found in the leaves of wild cherry maak, daurian rose, daurian hawthorn and sallow thorn; the smallest content of this vitamin was found in leaves of elm and chinese magnolia. conclusions. Native species - sallow thorn, manchur birch, cherry maak, daurian rose, daurian hawthorn and bicolor lespedeza - can be recommended as a promising source of vitamin e, c and carotene.