Problems of the hospital stage were especially enlightened in domestic public health services in last decade. Economic instability is combined with rapid development of modern technologies, change of paternalism models of public health services by joint model, increase of requirement of the population in accessible and qualitative medical help. At the same time, old approaches of normalization and financing of hospital stage service interfere with future development, the intensification of medical process, introduction of modern technologies. In the article the basic ways of optimization of the hospital help are submitted to the children's population.

It's the review of literature, devoted to principles of diagnostics of the chronic cough in children. It is emphasized, that in a situation of diagnostic uncertainty it is extremely necessary to know the key positions concerning the isolated reasons of chronic cough in children and adults, and to use precisely structured diagnostic algorithms based on well designed scientific researches.

Our presentation includes physiological peculiarities of a child's development. It reveals a relationship between physiology of different age groups and clinical pharmacology of medications. Absorption, distribution, biotransformation and elimination of drugs vary in different age periods depending on the development of child's internal organs and systems. Mechanisms of pharmacologic effects of medications, development of side effects and drug addiction are discussed according to age characteristics of clinical pharmacology.

This paper presents a literature review related about different positions of medical treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis in childhood and adolescence. Strategies to prevent adult osteoporosis are best undertaken during childhood and adolescence, when the greatest amount of bone mineral density is acquired. The main mechanisms of action drugs consisting in inhibition bone resorption (biphosphonates, calcitonin, Ca²⁺, estrogen), increase bone mass (PTG, GH ). Other drugs have different effects in bone (1,25 (ОН)2 D₃).

It's the review of literature with the characteristic of the hysctochemical localization of various iso-forms of the nitroxidesynthase in cellular elements of a kidney in conditions of physiological norm and at congenital obstructive uropathy in children. The data testifying the value of the nitric oxide in the development of the renoprive arterial hypertension are submitted.

The results of the epidemiological research in children and teenagers in region testify that the true prevalence of cardiovascular pathology is 61.8%o that exceeds the data of official statistics in almost 3 times. With the help of the multivariate statistical analysis the most significant risk factors of cardiovascular pathology are determined. The estimation system developed by authors is able to allocate three groups of children: group of high risk, group of attention and group of low risk. The algorithm of continuing monitoring of children's and teenagers' health is offered.

Katamnesis of 200 cases of bronchial asthma depending on terms of its demonstration is reviewed. It was revealed that progressing asthma was promoted by the high degree of a sensitization, frequency of the accompanying allergic and somatic pathology, the changed vegetative reactance, moderate and high uneasiness, and decrease in adaptation abilities of the organism.

It's the first results of life quality investigation in children of school age depending on the condition of their health. As the evaluation tool the questionnaire PedsQL was chosen. It is found that simultaneously with the high level of physical and social functioning schoolchildren estimate emotional and school functioning as low. The correlation between the degree of life quality and a state of health of the child is revealed — in children in I group of health it was higher, than in children in III group.

At hemodynamic evaluation in children with a hypertrophied unique kidney without signs of inflammatory process it was found that there is the increase in speed parameters of blood at vessels of all calibers at a normal resistive index. Distinctive hemodynamic changes in the unique kidney complicated with pyelonephritis, at absence of chronic renal insufficiency is increase in maximal systolic and minimal diastolic speeds of blood and also resistance index. Expressiveness of hemodynamic changes in patients with a unique kidney at presence of the urological pathology complicated with a pyelonephritis and chronic renal insufficiency depends on severity and duration of disease. At these patients intrarenal hemodynamic parameters have tendency to decrease in arteries of various caliber.

Suggested katamnesis evaluation in 122 children with pyelonephritis. The increase in amount of patients with latent disease, growth of frequency of the raised arterial pressure in progressing disease, decrease kidneys canals functions in almost in half of cases in 10 years was found. High frequency of chronic renal insufficiency in children is caused by pyelonephritis development secondary to congenital renal anomalies.

In human infectious pathology diarrheas are an actual problem. In long-term dynamics of morbidity by acute intestinal infections of the unknown etiology the stable increasing with rate of gain of +0.07% is found. Taking into consideration the high densities of sporadic morbidity by rotavirus infection in few of children's preschool institutions of Vladivostok the sanitation tactics in case of its potential distribution had been introduced.

For the evaluation of the correlation between endogen nitric oxide metabolism, change of production of a r acid glycoprotein and Fas-dependent apoptosis at severe pneumonia at 48 children the investigation of the condensate of exhaled air and blood serum was done. It is found, that the contents of inflammatory biomarkers in the condensate has been increased at all patients. Expression amplification of Fas-receptor on effector blood cells is registered. Multifactorial regression and dispersion analysis has shown that there is strong direct correlation between levels of nitric oxide metabolites and a r acid glycoprotein and CD95 in blood. The greatest influence on intensity of the Fasdependent apoptosis has the level of the a r acid glycoprotein.

The changes in of the immune response in 300 children in the age of 3—15 years, suffering of allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis are investigated. In various biological material the contents of cytokines and antibodies was determined, the ratio of lymphocytes and phagocytosis parameters of peripheral blood cells was studied. It is shown, that algorithms of cytokine changes reflect a degree and an orientation of an allergic inflammation, immune changes, determine the severity of pathological process and prove the necessity of the immunotrope therapy at these diseases.

The informativity of markers of inflammatory process at acute pneumonia was investigated in 143 children. Next signs considered to be informative: clinical (integrative index of inflammation activity, integrative index of intoxication, activity of inflammatory process, average degree of inflammation activity), hematological, cytological and biochemical (nitric oxide level and a r acid glycoprotein in the condensate of exhaled air). The values of these markers are in direct dependence on a degree of activity of inflammatory process.

The results of research of life quality of 230 disabled teenagers (13—18 years) with various pathology in comparison with the healthy teenagers are shown. Questionnaire PedsQL was applied. Research has shown that studying of parameters of quality of life in comparison with population norms helps to reveal the specific features of the influence of different diseases on disabled teenagers. The received data can be used at designing of rehabilitation programs.

We had been investigated microcirculation bulbas oculi of eye at 161 подростка from them 110 with erosion gastroduodenal and 51 chronic gastroduodenal without erosion during an aggravation and remission. Infringements of microcirculation mucous bulbas oculi of eye at teenagers with erosion defeat gastroduodenal a mucous membrane during an aggravation which were expressed available to aggregation erythrocyte in the majority vein are revealed and capillary (at all teenagers with erosion defeat gastrointestinal a mucous membrane), mesh structure of capillaries 70,8±4,6% and zones of desolation of a capillary network 41±4,7% were an attribute erosion defeats of a mucous membrane of a stomach and a duodenal gut.

The pain in cox area is a symptom of many pathological conditions. The analysis of 100 cases of osteomyelitis and reactive cox arthritis was done. It is shown, that as the basic criteria at differential diagnostics are the factors previous to disease, specific pain syndrome and temperature reaction, parameters of blood analysis and sonographic results.

This work is devoted to the problem of psychosocial development of children having congenital defects in sexual differentiation in small and classical forms. In Regional Mother and Childhood Center there were 940 children with this pathology since 2000. Thus classical sexual differentiation defects were found only in 3.8% of cases. Small sexual differentiation defects have been connected usually with the hypogonadism. In children with this pathology at delayed correction the process of sex role identification changes that can lead to various personal and behavioral problems.

The data on frequency of Chlamydia infection in children of the organized groups and in children hospitalized into NHO-department with various upper respiratory ways pathology are submitted. High frequency of Chlamydia infection was found. High preferability to a mucous membrane of throat and nose had Сhlamydophila pneumoniaе.

The authors have used clinical, instrumental, biochemical and functional methods for examination of 132 children with biliary tract disfunction. 18,18% of these patients had gallbladder anomalies. They have shown the diagnostic value of serial ultrasonography of gallbladder and the level of bile agglomeration to reveal the cholelithiasis risk group. This group included 17.4% patients with sphincter of Oddi spasm and hypotonic gallbladder, who had increased level of bile agglomeration. It has been shown the role of gallbladder anomalies, which promote the bile duct disfunctions with lithogenic bile.

The discontinuance of iodic prophylaxis in 90th years, population migration, deterioration of social and economic conditions promoted the growth of iodine- defficiency diseases in Siberia. Since 1994 in 22 expeditions 10680 children in various geographical regions of Siberia are surveyed. The serious natural deficiency of iodine influencing health of the population has been registered. Methods of mass and group iodic prophylaxis were effective; deficiency of iodine has been liquidated in short terms.

It is the analysis of age structure of 1934 children treated in 1998—2005 with pneumonia. The clinical and radiological characteristic of pneumonias and features of their presence nowadays are given. It is shown, that in children of school age, the presence of the disease was atypical: the gradual beginning, unproductive cough, less correlation between physical findings and patient's condition, no effect of common antibacterial therapy.

The nitric oxide-ergic processes in intestinal mucous cells in 19 children in the age 2 months — 14 years with intestinal mucoviscidosis were evaluated. Upper GI endoscopy was done by «shortest pass» method with the subsequent biopsy for morphological and hystochemical analyses. The analysis of the received data has proved the presence of the nitroxidesynthase expression in intestinal cells in all patients which expressiveness was maximal in the presence of intestinal syndrome.

The clinical characteristic of acute acquired pneumonias at 100 children of 3—16 years was investigated. Characteristic age features of disease are revealed. The comparative analysis of different morphological forms has shown the severity of the segmentary pneumonia in comparison with local forms. In children with acute pneumonia, the mucociliar transport status was evaluated in dynamics. Changes of the specified parameters are revealed depending on the period of disease and the morphological form.

Atypical ages of children with such mycosises as multi-colored lichen, candidosis, onichomycosis allow ascertaining a new problem in children's dermatology. Authors treated 40 children, in the age of 2—15 years, with disseminated multi-colored lichen, disseminated microsporosis, Candida paronichias and onichomycosises. Treatment of mycosises was suggested by intraconasol. All resulted data shaowed that all children were not only cured, but also good medication tolerance was observed in all children.

The materials about regional diseases structures, epidemiology, taxonomy spectrum and antibiotic resistance of the perinatal infections microbes in Orenburg in 2002-2005 are resulted. It is found, that priority activators of skin and eye infections in perinatology are Gram-positive cocci. The regional register of antibiotic resistance of perinatal infections activators is done.

The transumbilical laparoscopic assisted appendectomy combines the simplicity and the safety of conventional appendectomy with the survey of laparoscopic appendectomy. It minimizes the trauma of surgery and shows a perfect cosmetic result. Authors suggested this method as an alternative to conventional appendectomy and used it successfully in 3 cases.

The clinical review of 9 newborns with ovarian cysts. Diagnostic algorithms are resulted; the most common complications are analyzed, tactics and operative treatment is discussed. Authors consider that indications to surgery are the presence of suspension in a liquid cystic component, its big size, presence of additional structures. At absence of acute abdomen and high abdominal pressure the surgery can be postponed until 15—20 days of life.

Higher efficiency of prophylaxis in educational service can be achieved by interdepartmental interaction of the medical personnel, teachers, psychologists, social workers which should be done in prophylactic examinations. The choice of medico-psychological-educational support of the child in view of his individual properties is done by medico-psychological-educational commission. Creation and introduction of the computer program of monitoring of health of pupils will promote perfection of work of the school doctor and the nurse at drawing up the conclusions by results of routine inspections; designing individual recommendations for medical workers, teachers, psychologists, parents based on somatic health, physical readiness, psychological status, adaptation.

On the results of studying of psychological-teaching aspects of communicative competence the structure of communicative maturity and stages of communicative growth of subjects of training has been developed and the opportunities of their use for formation and development of personal-professional communicative competence of high medical education system are determined.