In this paper the authors present the experience of the activities of the health department of Administration ofPrimorsky region in order to adequately provide the regional inhabitants with medicaments, as well as emphasize the difficulties to implement national conception of public health development, arising from both legislation imperfection and existing economic circumstances. Pointing out the fact that the qualitative pharmacoeconomic analysis cannot be carried out without in-depth scientific developmental work of the matter, they state that Primorye is famous for its school of researchers, as well as for defended candidates' and doctoral theses, and the treatise on pharmacoeconomy published in Russia for the first time. Furthermore, a special attention is focused upon the establishing public unitary enterprise «Primorsky regional pharmacy» and affiliated society of pharmacoeconomic researches.

This article presents a literary review dedicated to the pharmacoeconomic researches in the domain of the treatment of respiratory tract infections. According to the data, the basic criterion, which determines the choice of antibiotic, is the ratio of cost and effectiveness of the preparation. The authors analyze the features of treatment cost calculation depending on modes of drug introduction. It is recommended to make the pharmacoeconomic assessment of the treatment regimen of inferior respiratory tract infections, based on cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost utility analysis (CUA). The treatment costs are divided into direct ones (medical and nonmedical) and indirect ones; it is pointed to the fact that in in-patient department the basic assets are spent on remuneration of personnel labour, amortization, overhead and other expenses. The authors draw a conclusion regarding the effectiveness of uncomplicated pneumonias treatment on an outpatient basis. The further pharmacoeconomic researches in Russia will allow, on scientific basis, to define the more effective and profitable treatment regimens in pulmonology.

As provided by the paper, biological function of apop-tosis is to attain equilibrium between cell proliferation and death. The main manifestations of apoptosis occur in cell nucleus and start with DNA fragmentation. The author describes and studies a great number of endogenous mediators of apoptosis. They are: calcium, caspases, cytochrome C, family of proteins Bcl-2, Bax, TNF, p53 and growth factors. Nevertheless, in author's opinion, the major participants of apoptosis are mitochondria. The following conclusion is drawn: although over the last years, the science has advanced a lot in researching into the apoptosis, the cell death problem still remains open, and actual data are abundant and belong under category of pilot researches.

The paper provides a survey of literature and data of own investigations, which is dedicated to the features of tropical malaria epidemiology and treatment in the current conditions. Describing the treatment regimens for adults and children, the authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the present chemicals and draw a conclusion that notwithstanding the problems associated with the drug resistance of the pathogen, provided that there is an early detection, malaria is still curable disease.

In these researches the authors analyse the experience under using natural zeolites in medicine as well as the respective experimental investigations as to published findings. As is shown, good perspectives can be viewed if making both local sorbents for surgery and enterosorbents for concomitant therapy of pathologies accompanied by intoxication. Immunomodulatory and antistress properties of zeolites can be used if making adaptogenes of high-performance. A wide spectrum and a high effectiveness of biological action of zeolites, indicated by many authors, point to the fact that the expansion of minerals in the market of medicines within the next few years tends to increase.

The long-term course of the cardiovascular diseases results in considerable financial losses of the state and the individual. The purpose of this work was to carry out the pharmacoeconom-ic analysis based on the cost minimization methods and the index «cost/effectiveness» of various groups and forms of organic nitrates, which was going to be made retrospectively, by the results of open controlled clinical trials. 295 patients suffering from stable angina pectoris of different functional classes had participated in the investigations. The analysis of the findings showed that derivatives of isos-orbide-5-mononitrite of ordinary release form had been the most cost-effective. The least costs per effectiveness unit had had prolonged nitrates: kardiket 40 retard and efox long. Thus, prolonged nitrates application under coronary heart disease is more rational and economically sound.

The paper provides the findings on the dynamics of the morbidity, lethality and transformation of the clinical presentations of the tick-borne encephalitis within Primor-sky region over the period of 65 years. The authors define the periods of the upsurges in the sickness rate, detect the structure of the clinical forms at the acute stage of the disease, as well as describe the criteria of their diagnostics in the course of the morbid process, at the same time ascertaining the interrelation with the indices of sérologie examinations and bringing to light the reasons for the serious clinical course of the disease in Primorsky region.

The paper provides the data on outpatient cards analysis in outpatient departments of Vladivostok and Primorsky region, as well as the numerous cases of inexpedient and improper drug use. Among them are polypragmasia, transgressions of international recommendations on pharmacotherapy, prescription of high-priced analogues of widely distributed medicines, and so forth. As a conclusion, the authors highlight the necessity to introduce the pharmacoeconomy issues into the educational programs for practicing physicians.

This paper provides the medical marketing of Khabarovsk. The authors traced the customer groups, which differed from each other in behaviour pattern in the market, depending on subjective significance of individual marketing factors. Among them the price level, recommendations, and image of medical organization were of importance. Using a basic components method allowed showing the groups of «innovative», «conservative» and «caring for health». The authors stated there was a division of medical service consumers into two groups: those who had price guidepost, and those who considered the service price to be of no importance.

As is shown in the paper, while introducing the biologically active additives «Tingol-1» and «Tingol-2» composed of triterpene glycosides to the she-rats, the duration of estral cycle and its vicissitude have not been disturbed. According to the morphological analysis, the biological additives make for reducing the quantity of atretic follicles inside the ovaries of rats.

The paper describes the case monitoring results over 520 reconvalescens. In most cases, the pseudotuberculosis has been terminated in recovery, nevertheless at 3.4% of cases after the smooth course during the acute period the chronic inflammatory diseases of gastrointestinal tract and urinary excretion system have been developed. When there was recurrent course of the pseudotuberculosis the unfavorable outcomes have been observed at 11.5% of cases, including associated with the development of chronic diseases of the urinary excretion system (2.3%) and gastrointestinal tract (3.4%), as well as systemic diseases of the connective tissue (5.8%).

On studying the effect produced owing to application of recombinant interleukine-2 (medication «Ronkoleuk-ine») in the treatment regimen of acute destructive pancreatitis, the authors showed that using this medication eliminated the cell-mediated immunity deficiency, made for cutting short the intoxication syndrome, reduced the number of complications and surgical activity when treating the acute pancreatitis.

The author is engaged in studying of differential diagnostics of miliary disseminated face lupus and small-nodular sarcoid. On comparing the examination and medical treatment results, as well as the clinicopathologic picture of 15 patients suffering from small-nodular sarcoid and 16 patients with miliary disseminated lupus of face, the physician discusses the detected clinical, morphologic and therapeutic differences of the diseases.

The authors carried out the analysis of cases of congenital syphilis in Chitinskaya oblast during 1999-2001. The major part of them was clinical ones - 77% (latent ones - 23%). This article describes the picture features of the clinical syphilis. The features that are intrinsical to generalized intrauterine infections have prevailed. The main reasons for congenital syphilis were adverse social status of mothers, absence of observation during pregnancy or registration late in pregnancy and, therefore, impossibility of full value specific and preventive treatment. The authors point to the difficulty of diagnostics of latent and little symptomatic forms of the disease, which demands perfecting of sérologie and molecular-biologic methods of analysis.

The article describes the research results into the study of sexually transmitted infections among the children and adolescents of Primorsky region. The authors state that the data on syphilis cause the greatest alarm, tracing at the same time a considerable increase in the sickness rate within the age group of fourteen. In addition, the registration rate of house infections has amounted to 18,7%, whereas the genital ones have come to 63,3%. Discussing the research results of the infections of «new generation», the physicians have drawn the inference that it is of especial importance to develop a staged work plan so as to improve the quality of treatment and preventive measures, as well as to provide training for the personnel for arranging antiepi-demic, diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic care to the children and adolescents who suffer from sexually transmitted infections.

The article provides the researching within the experiment into the effects of low-radon waters of the hospital «Chistovodnoye» (Primorsky region, Russia) in combination with the medication «Omega-3 eiconat» on the lipid exchange. The livers of laboratory linear white he-mice have been examined for fatty acid and phospholipid content. While examining, the authors draw a conclusion that under the influence of radon baths there is a reduction in the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Using «Omega-3 eiconat» has resulted in an increase in the omega-3 acids concentration that is a favorable factor for healing up the chronic inflammatory skin diseases (psoriasis, eczema, allergic dermatitis).

The publication describes the examination results of the patients with the athlete's foot as well as with the mycosis of nails and smooth skin, which proceeded against the background of ichthyosis and without it, as well as of the patients suffering from ichthyosis without mycotic affection. After studying the state of water-lipidic mantle of skin and the trace elements content in nail plates of feet, the authors have ascertained the fact that the skin within the sites of hyperkeratosis loses self-sterilizing properties, whereas in nails under ichthyosis there is a trace element imbalance, which makes for their colonization with dermatophytes.

The article presents the epidemiological researches of the prevalence of allergic skin diseases among the pupus in Vladivostok, as provided by the international program ISAAC. As a result, it has been shown that the figures of the official medical statistics are much less than the actual prevalence of atopic dermatitis. At the same time, among the younger children of school-going age the frequent sleep disturbances by the reason of itching skin rash, as well as the fall-off of the life quality and social adaptation are registered on account of this disease. On average, at one child of the two first-form pupus and of the three eight-form pupils having the manifestations of atopic dermatitis the diagnosis was made, and the adequate therapy was carried out.

This article describes the present-day situation when against the background of ubiquitous upsurge in the gonorrhea sickness rate there are both progressive upgrowth of gonococcus strains, which generate beta-lactamase, and decrease in antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms. On carrying out the analysis of the gonorrhea sickness rate among Vladivostok residents during long-term observations (1991-2001), the authors have studied the prevalence ofN. gonorrhoeae strains generating beta-lactamase and their antibiotic susceptibility. So as to enhance the efficiency of etiotropic therapy applied to the patients suffering from chronic gonorrhea the physicians have locally used Tinrostim, the medication developed in TINRO-Center, which stimulates phagocytosis.

The article describes the features of cellular indices of immune state under different forms of urogenital ureaplasmic infection. As to monoureaplasmosis there was a decrease in abundance of CD3-lymphocytes and increase in level of B-lympho-cytes (CD22). Reduction of index of the ratio HLA-DR/CD95 was the evidence of the apoptosis predominance over the processes of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Under mixed infection by U. urealyticum and Ch. trachomatis there was an immunodeficiency state of combined type characterized by decrease in CD3- and CD4-lymphocytes and CD56-(killer) cells, as well as by disturbances in the ratio of immunoregulation cells (CD4/CD8), and enhancement of Fas- mediated apoptosis, that was the evidence of apparent imbalance of regulatory mechanisms. Predominance of the activation processes with considerable increase of B-lymphocytes, as well as markers of early and late cell activation were registered when U. urealyticum was associated with C. albicans against the background of decrease in abundance of CD3- and CD4-lymphocytes.

At present, the nervous system diseases hold leading positions in the structure of the diseases, which result in children's disability. It turned out, that 60-70% of them are associated with the perinatal life. Over the last decades these rates have ensued from the incidence rate of syphilis whose increase among the women of childbearing age has entailed the incidence rate of the syphilis with the nervous system involvement. This paper presents the correlations of features of the clinical presentations of the nervous system pathology at the stage of early neonatal adaptation and laboratory neuroimaging and neurophysiologi-cal examinations carried out to 388 children, as well as the autopsy examination results of fetuses, still-born and deceased children having been born by the women infected with the syphilis. The authors compare the findings with the analogous examinations of 588 children who have been delivered by the women having other sexually transmitted infections.

So as to research the features of bone metabolism under all main variants of the chronic obstructive lungs diseases the authors examined 95 patients (30 women and 65 men) and diagnosed diminution of bone density at 78% of patients. The rate of osteoporosis was higher when there was lungs emphysema than under chronic obstructive bronchitis, and the degree of the decrease in bone density depended on the intensity of the bronchial obstruction. At 73,6% of cases the authors detected the increase of bone résorption under relatively stable bone formation that became apparent by increasing in CrossLaps concentration. Close correlation ratios between proinflammatory cytokines, bone density and bone metabolism markers define the important role of cytokine-mediated mechanisms in patho-genesis of pulmonary osteopenia.

While studying 18 clinical laboratory indexes of 154 burnt patients, the authors revealed that among the cases of burning injury complications developed the most often during the first three days were tachycardia (85.7%), hyperthermia (75.5%), leukocytosis (88%), segmentonuclear shift (73.4%), lymphope-nia (62%), hypoproteinemia (85%), hypoalbuminemia (72.2%), and increase in fibrinogen level (82.8%). The aforementioned symptoms were considered to be as prognostic criteria. Provided that six or more symptoms were detected, the probability of complications that were likely to occur amounted to 87,5-100%.

Based upon the data of 55 follow-ups of patients suffering from bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive lungs disease along with the examination of adaptation according to the program «AntiStress», the authors analyze the efficiency of the medication Tinrostim-ST composed of the ganglions of oceanic squid. Using this immunocorrector promotes fast recovery and improvement of adaptive responses, as well as amelioration of a patient's health. The authors emphasize the necessity to control the adaptation indexes while treating this group of patients.

The purpose of the investigation is to assess the survival rate of the patients suffering from ovarian carcinoma in Volgo-Viatsky region, allowing for the histological structure of the tumor, the grade of its differentiation and the stage of the process. According to the data, the five-year survival rate of the patients with all clinical stages of the tumors is lower than the average statistical one that results, in authors' opinion, from later diagnostics.

The paper describes the effect of commissural process in the abdominal cavity on the development of duodenum dyskinesia. This pathology was found two times more often at patients having been operated earlier on the abdominal cavity. Among the patients suffering from cholelithiasis complicated by dyskinesia the pigment stones were found at 32,8% of cases. When choosing a method of operative intervention in the biliary tracts, it is necessary to allow for potential changes in the duodenum caused by its diverticulums or commissural process of the abdominal cavity.

The paper provides the experience of the surgery of 103 children with progressive scoliosis. While treating progressive spinal column deformity (30-50°Kobb), an intraoperative correction by using one- or two-laminar endocorrectors has been carried out. Provided that the scoliosis was apparent (more 50°), being associated with the developed costal humpback, the disease was treated by means of placing one or two implants of static type. Earlier referral of the patients suffering from scoliosis to specialized surgical hospital, as well as adequate surgical treatment allow achieving the correction of the spinal column deformity and determining a good cosmetic result.

Over the last years the epidemiology has become one of the most promising sciences. Owing to the processes of differentiation and integration new scientific lines appear in it. The paper provides the survey of 9 new lines in epidemiology.

The authors present the paper dedicated to the fifteen-year anniversary of Primorsky Regional Center for Prophylaxis and Fight against AIDS describing the history of the formation and development of the Center and highlighting the present-day aspects of its activity. Also, they give a brief summary of the problems associated with the HIV-infection within Primorsky region.

The paper provides the results of three autopsies of young men died of somatic diseases in a year or later, on stopping the intravenous introduction of ephedron. In all cases there were changes in minor vessels being the most apparent in kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, heart and skin. The immediate cause of death in all cases was chronic renal insufficiency occurred due to vascular nephrosclerosis. According to the author's conclusion, the vessels are not only a direct target for drugs being introduced intravenously, but also a cause of secondary vascular lesions of organs.

While keeping under medical observation 33 patients with alopecia, aged from 18 till 40 with the disease prescription from 3 months till 2,5 years, the physicians have diagnosed the circumscribed alopecia at 28 patients, subtotal one - at 3 patients, total alopecia - at 1 patient, and universal one - at 1 patient. In the paper they give the results of universal alopecia integrated treatment by using the method of PUVA-therapy. After completing two courses of photochemotherapy, the growth of hair on the skin of pilar part of head, face and trunk has been completely recovered.