The review summarizes the literature data and author’s own researches data of morphofunctional typology of retinal ganglion cells (GC) of a human and animals. GS are effector glutamatergic neurons which differ in size and shape of the body; in axon diameter; stratification of dendritic arbor and density branching. Due to various dendritic arborization it is possible to separate diffuse, stratified, and biplexiform cells. GC, being a main aim of a cytological impact of glutamate and nitrogen oxide, are involved in a pathogenesis of an openangle glaucoma. In this case the apoptosis of neurons is supposed to relate to the morphological type of GC and the activating recipient of their synaptic microenvironment.

Pharmacodynamics of tafluprost, the first commercially available preservative-free unit-dose prostaglandin analogue, is analyzed in the article. Characteristic of the experimental pre-clinical studies, as well as the first three phases of tafluprost clinical trials are presented. A strong IOP-lowering effect of a once a day local administration of tafluprost in the patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma is described. The review also analyzes post-approval studies of the comparative efficacy and tolerability of tafluprost and assesses the prospects of the new drug.

Modern data about mechanisms of selective oncolytic activity of Newcastle disease virus (APMV 1 - avian paramyxovirus 1) (Mononegavirales, Paramyxoviridae, Paramyxovirinae, Avulavirus) are analyzed, application of this virus for oncolytic virotherapy - new direction of clinical investigations - is substantiated, thesis about the necessity of intensification of studies of Russian strain oncolytic properties is formulated.

He analysis of Russian and foreign literature sources, addressed to the problem of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in current epidemiologic situation, was made. It is found that in acute epidemiologic situation of tuberculosis in general the proportion of extrathoracic tuberculosis in Russia diminished from 3.6 to 3.2 %. Tuberculosis of osteoarticular and genitourinary systems and tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes dominate among extrapulmonary allocations. However extrapulmonary tuberculosis still remains the current issue with reference of projected growth of tuberculosis morbidity and low detection frequency of extrathoracic injures, that requires new approaches to the detection and methods development of extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnostics.

Chronic hepatitis B treatment during pregnancy is an extremely difficult task. Regardless immunoprophylaxis a significant proportion of children, born of mothers with high viraemia, is infect-ed with hepatitis B virus. Accumulating data suggests that antiviral therapy is an effective therapy procedure in III trimester for immunoprophylaxis failed. To minimize the counterparts of nucleosi(ti)des impact on embryo antiviral therapy during pregnancy should be prescribed to women at high risk of progressive disease and/ or hepatic decompensation. Currently received safety data gives evidence of telbivudin and tenofovir may be taken during pregnancy. At the same time antiviral therapy requires a careful assessment of risk-benefit ratio.

Background. PCEM-based intraocular toric lens (IOL) stability improvement was developed and invented in clinical practice: license 2535612, registered in State Registry of Inventions of RF on October 15, 2014. Methods. 86 patients were operated (97 eyes) with corneal astigmatism aged 35-74. In 42 cases IOL were implanted in accordance with the offered invention. Results. During 12 months average rotation angle of IOL implanted according to traditional technology was 2.2±2.0°. In patients operated by offered methods average rotation angle occurred to be much less - 0.8±1.2°. Conclusions. The offered method of toric IOL fixation ensures their stability even with prominent contraction of capsular lens and provides prevention decentered lenses and anterior lens capsule phimosis preserving visual function for a long time.

Background. System (blood) and local (lacrimal fluid) products of interleikin-17 (IL-17) were studied in patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) and in patients at risk of developing glaucoma. Methods. 80 patients with POAG and 35 patients at risk group (myopia, hypertensive disease I-II stage, diabetes of II-type) were examined, control group - 30 apparently healthy volunteers. Results. System and local hyperproduction of IL-17 at POAG was detected, which is an evidence of cytokine participation in chronic immune inflammation. Conclusions. In patients with hypertension the production level of IL-17 does not relate to the risk development of glaucoma. At diabetes of II type IL-17, in lacrimal fluid more than 1,44 pg/ml, demonstrated a high risk development of POAG. In patients with myopic refraction with and without glaucoma there were registered the most significant increase of IL-17 concentration. Local level of IL-17 more than 3,22 pg/ml in patients with myopia may be considered as additional early marker of POAG diagnosis.

Background. Social and economic changes of the public living in Primorsky territory (Building of the summit meeting APEC objects) in 2007-2011 caused the population health changes because of ecology-caused pathology. Methods. Social and hygiene analysis of children, teens and adults health condition was conducted in Primorsky territory with different ecological and social characteristics: urban (Vladivostok), countryside area with seaboard climate (Hasan district), and countruside with continental climate (Horol and Kirovsk districts). Results. Respiratory organs morbidity among adults demonstrated the constant increase of indexes. In the conditions of the continental climate in countryside respiratory organs morbidity in adults was significantly lower. The same morbidity in teenagers in 20092011 grew noticeably. Respiratory organs morbidity in children in Vladivostok and in continental districts was higher than in seaboard territories. Low indexes of genitourinary system were noted in children from environmentally pristine districts. High indexes of derma morbidity were registered in teenagers of ecologically negative continental territory - Horol district, and in children of countryside and urban areas. Conclusions. In climate negative conditions of Primorsky territory in all groups along with significant increase of ecology-caused morbidity it was educed the tendency to the improvement of public health condition.

Background. Hepatitis A (HA) and shigellosis contagion habitually is attributed to the influence of the sanitary conditions on an epidemic process (EP) activity. However the recent data evidences that this factor is not crucial: scientists note the possible impact of integrative and competitive relations between agents. Methods. On the basis of the official statistics data there was conducted a related retrospective epidemiological analysis of hepatitis A disease and shigella flexneri and sonnei of Primorsky territory population 1986-2014 on different levels of epidemiological process (local, regional, organismic). Results. The analysis of long-term and annual dynamics of HA and shigellosis disease uncovered disparities between EP and territories of the infection extension. Epidemiological assessment in local level (children educational institutions) showed that where HA was registered, there was no registers of shigellosis and vice versa. Moreover children, who had the HA, was rarely sick with shigellosis, and children, who had the shigellosis, was rarely sick with HA. Conclusions. There are competitive relations between HA and sigellosis, which are shown as EP at different levels.

Background. Research objective is an informative value of selective optical density of the cornea (ODC) according to Scheimpflug-densitometry at stages of the endothelial-epithelial dystrophy (EED). Methods. 30 patients (30 eyes) with unilateral secondary EED were examined, which developed after 3-6 months after implantation of intraocular lenses. We conducted traditional ophthalmologic investigation, measuring the optical density ofthe corneal and pachymetry with the analyzer WaveLight Oculyzer (USA), and also a determination the density of endothelial cells with the microscope TomeyEM-300 (Germany). Based Scheimpflug densitometry based selective indices (grafts) ODC were evaluated: endothelium-descemetostromal (100 micron internal), stromal and epithelial (100 micron outside). Results. Increase ODC was indicated in all patients at all stages of disease progress. Earlier increase ODC was defined compared with the thickness of the cornea according to pachymetry at the stromal stage. When densitometry Sheympflyug images maximum ODC recorded in a 100 micron outer epithelial grafts at each stage of the progression of EED. Conclusions. Increase of total optic density of the cornea index in 2 times and selective optic density of internal 100 micron graft of the cornea index in 1.5 times are the diagnostic criteria of the decompensation of barrier and the pumping function of the endothelium, and are topographometric criteria of subclinical development of chronic corneal edema.

Methods. Диагностику DES diagnostics was conducted with the help of OSDI questionnaire, biomicroscopy, TBUT, Schirmer’s test and L. Johns’s test. Results. Symptoms of the syndrome reported in 34.4 %, clinical signs of mild and medium severity in 12,5 % cases. Among the main risk factors for chronic diseases DES appeared digestive tract, sinusitis, use of contact lenses, or a combination of several factors. Conclusions. The high proportion with delitescent disease progress of DES (22.4 %) determines the necessity of comprehensive system developing (including internal medicine specialists) for the early diagnosis of chronic diseases and performance status correction at preclinical stage of DES developing in this group of students

Background. The study objective is the analysis of corneal optical density (COD) indexes when endothelial and epithelial dystrophy (EED) before and after riboflavin-associated photocrosslinking. Methods. 20 patients (20 eyes) were examined with one-sided secondary EED at the second disease stage, before and in 1, 3, and 6 mothns after the crosslinking. The dynamics of general and selective COD were studied with the use of Scheimpflug images. Results. It was detected the decrease of COD after the crosslinking in a month, stabilization - in 3 months, and slight increase after 6 months. Conclusions. Selective indexes of COD are the priority for diagnostics and regular medical check-up for patients with EED, and also for early detection of indication to keratoplasty, and for realization of this ethiopathogenetic way of treatment, which is the only one nowadays.

Methods. Sanitary and hygienic education was conducted during 12 months in schools for blind and partially sighted children. 122 pupils took participation aged from 7 to 18. The active forms of sanitary education were conducted - ‘Dentistry health lessons’ with personalized teaching methods. Results. In 12 months it was nored the increase of oral cavity hygiene to 1.3±0.1(Green-Vermillion index) and improvement of parodontium issue from 31.4 to 20.1 % (PMA index). Conclusions. The implementation result of dentistry and hygiene education in educational process of special schools for children with sensory deprivation was the formation of steady manual skils of hygiene of oral cavity and their system realization in the day life.

Background. Analyzed interrelations of clinical and laboratory effects of interferon-alpha (IFNa) and the content of T-helper cells in patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the background of antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Methods. Observed 289 people (182 men and 107 women) aged 35,0±4,7 years co-infected with HCV/HIV receiving pegylated IFNa-2a and ribavirin for 48 weeks. Results. Sustained virological response (without the presence of HCV genome in serum) was registered in 172 cases, and the effectiveness of treatment of chronic hepatitis C among all patients was at the level of 59.5 %. On the background of antiviral treatment for hepatitis up to the 12^th week of the number of CD4+ T cells was significantly reduced in all patients regardless of the presence or absence of antiretroviral therapy. Conclusions. A significant increase in the level of IFNa in blood of patients with the administration of pegylated IFNa-2a implements mechanisms of its negative impact on the course of HIV infection, causing fluctuations in levels of CD4+ lymphocytes.

Background. Despite new treatment methods and diagnostics of food intolerance in infants, it is still difficult to make a diagnosis. The research objective is to identify a diagnostics value of endogenic peptide and protein determination in blood serum and coprofiltrates in infants suffering from food intolerance (FI). Methods. There were examined 30 infants with allergic enteropathy (cow’s milk protein intolerance) and 30 infants with secondary lactase deficiency at age 6-12 months (control group - 20 healthy infants). Zonulin, eosinophilic cationic protein, ß-defensin 2, and transthyretin content were determined in coprofiltrates; fatty acid-binding proteins, and membrane permeability-increasing protein. Results. Twofold increase in coprofiltrates content of ß-defensin 2, and zonulin says for cow’s milk protein intolerance. Intestinal absorption abnormality were attended by intestinal and liver fatty acid-binding proteins increase (max level was registered at allergic enteropathy) in blood serum. Membrane permeability-increasing protein level occurred to be an informative measure of cow’s milk protein intolerance. Conclusions. Achieved results broaden the vision about the pathogenesis of food intolerance. The use of these markers will improve the diagnostics, and avoid aggressive approach in the range of cases. Implementation of these methods will improve the diagnostics, disease prognosis and possibility of adequate therapy of food intolerance in infants.

Background. High level of public morbidity caused by ixodic ticks is registered in Primorsky territory. Study objective is to assess the ticks’ aggression towards humans. Methods. The ticks’ aggression towards humans was measured by comparison of species community structure when gathering imagos from plants to the banner, and from humans. During 2012 it was identified 2331 species gathered from plants, and 215 ticks gathered from humans. Results. In natural biotopes of the southern Primorsky territory Ixodes persulcatus dominated, then there were following species in descending order were: Haemaphysalis mncinna, Dermacentor silvarum, H. japonica douglasi, I. pavlovskyi, I. nipponensis. When removed ticks from humans there were registered I. persulcatus more frequent, then in descending order - D. silvarum, H. japonica douglasi, I. pavlovskyi, H. mncinna, I. nipponensis. Conclusions. The most aggressive towards humans are species related to Ixodes, then Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis. Regarding epidemiological significance I. persulcatus is the most dangerous, and H. mncinna is the least dangerous.

Legislation of the Russian Federation, regulating the transplantology area, and the project of the new Federal Law “About organ donation, their parts and organ transplantation” were analyzed. The question was studied in relation with civil and penal laws. Juridical and medical aspects of transplantology and its legislative regulation are analyzed.

Background. The most important task of the current stage of social and economic development of Russia is the formation of strong, citizen-focused conditions for a dignified life and free development of the person, reducing social inequality, rising incomes, ensuring universal access to quality and affordable basic social services. Methods. The analysis of the living standards of the population was conducted in Primorye Territory for ten years (2004-2013). The method of evaluation of the “crisis” quality of life index was used, developed at the geographical department of Moscow State University. Results. Since 2004 there is a tendency to increase the living standards of the population. “Crisis” index showed a tendency to an increase in 2004 with a slight decrease in 2008. Since 2008, there was a steady growth rate, and by 2012 its value reached 0.746 and practically was close to the lower boundary of de-velopment. Conclusions. The combined study of the factors that affect the quality of life of the population reveals a close connection between all indicators and that the quality of life in Primorsky territory is gradually im-proving, but not in all categories. For a full increase of living standards it is necessary that all indicators that characterize a social and economic phenomenon, had positive trends, only then we can say that the living standards in the region has reached the minimum value of the “crisis”.

The analysis of the results of the program of providing free medical care to citizens in 2011-2013., As well as its implementation in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) on the basis of official data of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The comparative characteristics of the main indicators of public health and in particular the performance of the regional programs of state guarantees in the Far East during the reporting period in comparison with the established program standards. The main trends observed both in Far East and in Russia in general, reflected the dynamic reduction in medical care provided in a hospital, with an increase of amounts of medical care in a day hospital. The reduction of the amount in the ambulance, accompanied with an increase in amounts of medical care provided on an outpatient basis in the form of emergency that follow the main directions in the implementation of the program of state guarantees in 2013.

The review is devoted to the analysis of epidemic outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome in Republic of Korea during May-July, 2015. The peculiarity of the disease outbreak became its nosocomial type. The general amount of patients from May, II to July, 10, 2015 was 185 people, 35 died (lethality - 18.9 %). The description of epidemic process dynamics and analysis of its parameters (daily morbidity and mortality growth, length of mortal diseases, risk groups, etc.) is presented.

A clinical case of emergency corneal flattening performed without complications after endothelial keratoplasty with Descemet>s membrane removal (Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty - DSEK) in a man, 76 years old, with secondary endothelial dystrophy and bullous keratopathy. Early postoperative period was uneventful with complete snuggling transplant, but two weeks later revealed flattening of the central part of the cornea and multiple folds completely accumbens transplant. For the first time described the «acute» applanation of the cornea, it is apparently another rare complication DSEK, which can develop without any obvious cause and concomitant ocular pathology.

Background. Research objective is assessment of informative value of optical coherence tomography in children with developmental glaucoma in regular medical check-up. Methods. 23 children aged 4-15 years were observed (2013-2014). Morphometric measures of disk of optic nerve was studied by optical coherence tomography method. Results. With developmental glaucoma it was detected the reduction of disk rim area, the thinning of nerve fibers layer of peripapillary retina, excavation distention and reproportion of excavation and disk of optic nerve square. Reproportion of these parameters in dynamics was detected in decompensation of disease and progression of glaucomous neuropathy. Conclusions. Implementation of optical coherence tomography in process of regular medical check-up of children with developmental glaucoma makes possible the early detection and diagnostics of reproportion of disk of optic nerve, and control of disease progression.

Background. The study objective is to assess the effectiveness of laser suturolisis after glaucoma surgery. Methods. Two groups of patients were compared after J.E. Cairns fistulizing sinus trabeculectomy. In the first group (22 patients - 35 eyes) on the fifth day after surgery the laser suturolisis with the methods of O.V. Bondarenko. In second group (20 patients - 33 eyes) the laser surgery was not conducted. Results. During 6 months of postsurgical observation the average level of the intraocular pressure in pationts of the first group maintained lower than those in patients of the second group. After the aser suturolisis the were following complications: hyphema, separation of choroid, hypotension with the syndrome of shallow anterior chamber. Conclusions. The use of laser suturolisis of scleral stitches after the sinus trabeculectomy allows to prolong hypotension surgery effect. However this technology is not secure and may cause complications, which require extra surgery maneuvers.

Medical University (2 Ostryakova Ave. Vladivostok 690950 Russian Federation) Background. Research objective is an assessment of surgical and functional results of penetrating keratoplasty in endothelial corneal dysfunction using preserved donor transplant. Methods. 15 patients (15 eyes) aged 55-83 with the secondary (postoperative) endothelial corneal dystrophy were got penetrating keratoplasty with the “Material for cornea recovery”, produced by eye bank “EyeLab” (Moscow). Results. In all cases there was complete recovery of transplant transparency during 1-3 months. The medium density of the endothelium was 1741±234 cells/mm², the medium loss of the endothelium - 18±9 %. Normalization of corneal thickness has occurred in 2-3 months after surgery. Conclusions. The effectiveness of “Material for cornea recovery” for penetrating keratoplasty is not inferior to the efficacy of the native donor material.

In 2013, for the first time in the Primorye Territory in the hospital Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital №1 in 15 patients with retinopathy of prematurity was held transpupillary panretinal laser coagulation of the retina. The effectiveness of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity during the classic was 98 %, while the rear aggressive form of the disease regression achieved in 14.3 %.

Background. Research objective is to assess the effectiveness of glue anchoring of machine stitch of pulmonary parenchyma. Methods. Aerostasis effectiveness was analyzed in 148 patients who had lung surgery with the use of different stapling devices in combination with and without glue sealing method. Results. The use of additional glue sealing significantly increased the measures of early aerostasis from 45.2 to 72.9 % with the singleuse stapling device and from 7.7 to 40.6 % with reusable stapling device. Effectiveness indexes of the stitch sealing within twenty four hours also increased with ease: with the single-use stapling device and from 78.6 to 97.9 %, and with reusable stapling device from 84.6 to 93.7 %. Conclusions. Additional glue sealing leads to reliability improvement of lung machine stitch and to cutting time of deaeration from pleural cavity after surgery.

With the occurrence of new research methods in ophthalmology the view on pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment changed. It is obvious that the cause of the formation of its defects, followed by detachment is not the degree of myopia, but the presence of certain types of peripheral vitreous chorioretinal degradations (PVCD). Methods. The research of microcirculation of peripheral retina and choroid was done in 93 pregnant women aged 18-33 with lamellar and dipnoous retinal perforations, 48 of which suffered from myopia. The microcirculation was tested with the use of computer laser analyzer LAKK-02 (Lazma, Russia). Results. In patients with PVCD there was a significant increase of wide tissue blood filling parameters, heart rate, and muscle tone of precapillar sphincter, and also the decrease of oxygen saturation of microvasculatur, especially at myopia. Conclusions. All patients with symptoms of PVCD associated with myopic refraction should be subjected to a dynamic ophthalmologic control during the whole period of pregnancy considering the microcirculation loss in peripheral retina and choroid, and high risk of new “obligate prelamellar” dystrophic changes.

A clinical analysis of «Indokollir» efficacy was completed in the ophthalmology clinic after phacoemulsification cataract surgery with implantation of intraocular lenses. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in addition to the standard pattern of postoperative therapy ensured a more rapid recovery of visual acuity and decreases the incidence of cystic macular retinal edema

Research considers a problem of motivation development of learning activity in dentistry students, discipline “prevention and public dental health”. By way of pedagogical activity the faculty of Dentistry Institute, KrasSMU, were developed the ways of solution, using organizational education which play an integrative role, ensure unity and coupling of all educational components. The measure of cognitive activity is an increase of academic progress following the results of examinations from 2006 to 2014. The average grade went up by 0.58, quality indicator by 26.2 %, cumulative grade point average by 9.77 %.