The patient adherence to medical treatment remains a major problem in chronic disease management, for example in case of arterial hypertension. The latest medical investigations confirm that the regular arterial blood pressure monitoring results in the reduction of mortality stem from cardiovascular complications. The medical compliance can depend on both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a drug, and on drug-induced changes in patient life quality. This parameter can vary from one age group to another. The price of the medication also determines the adherence to a certain antihypertensive drug. In selecting an optimal cost-effective drug, it is recommended to not only allow for the cost of achievement of a target level of arterial pressure but also potential expenditures for an additional therapy and risks for side effects.

The paper presents the results of histological evaluation of local tissue reaction after subcutaneous implantation of biopolymer matrix materials made of modified pectin and collagens of various types. No acute inflammation or rejection were produced. Loose fibrous capsule was formed around the implants. The capsule decreased and disappeared three months after polysaccharide matrix implantation. Cells and blood vessels infiltrated the implants. Matrix slowly degraded. Composite matrix made of citrus modified pectin (with the degree of esterification 30 %), collagen I and NC1-hexamer of collagen IV was partially preserved three months after the subcutaneous implantation while collagen sponge was fully resorbed during one month. The data lay the foundation for the elaboration of new slowly degradable biomaterials for tissue engineering.

The protective effect of amaranth pectin from Amaranthus cruenthus L. (fam. Amaranthaceae) against damage of the stomach induced by nonsteroidal anti-flammatory drugs (NSAIDs) indomethacin and meloxicam in male Wistar rats was studied. Oral administration of amaranth pectin (100 mg/kg) prevented gastric injury formation. The data obtained demonstrated that amaranth pectin enhances resistance of the stomach tissue to NSAIDs. It was shown to possess a gastroprotective effect, which is accompanied by diminution of the number and sizes of destructive regions in the gastric mucosa during the ulcer affection, as well as reduction of ATP and glycogen deficit, decrease of lactate excess, and normalization of the energy balance in the gastric tissue. According to its antiulcer effect, amaranth pectin may be recommended for application in prevention and treatment of stomach diseases together with the basic therapy.

The paper analyses changing bioenergetic processes caused by compound MT-279 (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and Mexidol (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally) during the experiment on 49 rats with acute cerebrovascular accident. A 14-day continuous infusion of these substances is known to normalise bioenergetic processes by restoring aerobic glycolysis, prevent metabolic acidosis, thus decreasing lactate level and increasing glucose level in the ischemia-affected hemisphere. The authors consider the effects exhibited by these substances to be one of the defence mechanisms in the ischemia-affected brain.

The results of studies of the effect λ-, κ-, ι-carrageenan on platelet aggregation in vitro are described in this article. in contrast to κ-forms λ-and ι-carrageenans demonstrated a high antiplatelet activity under the influence of used aggregation inducers The effect on spontaneous aggregation was also investigated; a significant increase of spontaneous aggregation under the influence of these substances was shown.

The paper studies additional spectrophotometric parameters (flexibility points, band width, stairs and steepness of optical absorption spectra) of nine alkaloids often used in medical practice. All these parameters form ‘a spectrophotometric picture’ likely to be used for testing and quality control.

The experiment on white rats confirms that the sciatic nerve ligation causes neuropathic pain syndrome characterised by a decrease in the temperature pain threshold, uneven weight distribution on hind-limbs, and dystrophic changes in foot tissues. Depending on dose used to treat animals with sciatic nerve injury, the docosahexaenoic acid reduces the intensity and period of neuropathic pain syndrome and allows earlier stabilisation of weight distribution, thus hindering the dystrophic changes in foot tissues.

The authors have conducted histochemical mapping of NADPH-diaphorase (nitroxide synthase) in different functional parts of kidney in dynamics and with the use of furosemide, dibazol and clonidine in rats with original model of nephrogenic hypertension. The infusion of these medications caused different changes in the nitric oxide production in different nephron segments. Clonidine caused stable enhancement of the nitric oxide-producing function. In this case, the increasing nitric oxide activity can maintain active vasodilatation, thus leading to gradual decrease of renin production. Dibazol also caused increasing activity of nitric oxide synthase in renal glomerulus and collector tubule but these effects were less intensive and shorter. The slight increase of the enzyme activity in the proximal segments of nephron was observed during the 1st week of Dibazol introduction. Furosemide exhibited the poorest effects on the nitric oxide-producing function of kidneys.

The authors have studied effects of dry and water-based extracts of Reynoutria japonica on the central nervous system of laboratory animals. As reported, R. japonica-based medications exhibit biological activity of adaptogene and anxiolytic nature, thus shifting the ratio of passive defensive and investigative components of behaviour to the latter ones during in-field testing and surmounting anxiophobic manifestations in the elevated plus maze in case of the maximum sensory load.

The authors have determined activity of metal-dependent antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and concentration of their cofactors - selenium, copper and zinc in blood of patients with different period of drug addiction (5 year, from 5 to 10 years, from 10 to 15 years, and over 15 years). As reported, there was a significant inhibition of enzyme strength against the background of a deficit of these bioelements. The authors have determined a correlation between the decreasing enzyme strength and reducing quantity of bioelements, and the period of drug abuse. This dependence was strongly marked and progressed.

The frequency of innate anomalies throughout the world varies and to a greater extent depends on the surveillance system management. The prevention of foetal congenital anomalies during preconception, prenatal and postnatal stages is a top-priority target of the health care service. Analysing the pharmacotherapy of 1306 pregnant women in Primorsky Krai in 2004-2010, the authors concluded that the medications were being prescribed during the first and the second critical periods. Only 27.94 % of prescribed medications were relatively safe for foetus (А, В FDA categories). In 36.12 % of cases these were drugs of unascertained safety (N FDA category). In 35.94 % cases the doctors prescribed medications known for their risks for teratogenic and embryotoxic properties (C, D, X FDA categories). As reported, the joint efforts of genetics and clinical pharmacologists allow to increase the safety in prescribing medications for pregnant women.

Migration to the lesion is a fundamental property of stem cells of mammals. This property offers good prospects for their practical applications in oncology for targeted transport of drugs. The opportunity of purposeful migration into the area of glioma embryonic and adult neural stem cells, but their use is limited. With the practices of appropriate use hematopoietic stream cells. The aim of the work was to study the ability of the irtargeted migration to the site of an experimental glioma C6 line. Work carried out on Wistar rats, used neuroimaging, histological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques. The results confirm the possibility of purposeful migration of hematopoietic stem cells to the site of glial brain tumors in experimental animals.

The authors have examined 43 patients with chronic renal insufficiency and related digestive disorders treated with program hemodialysis and low-etherized pectin and calcium alginate between hemodialysis procedures. As reported, there was a decrease in clinical manifestations of uraemia, mostly due to dyspeptic disorders that allowed to improve patient life quality. The use of enterosorbents derived from seafood products, for example algae, has exhibited positive clinical effects and can be included in the symptomatic therapy.

The paper studies the dynamics of growth of Reynoutriajaponica Houtt., family Polygonaceae, and accumulation of flavonoids in raw grass during the 2^nd and 3^rd vegetation periods. As reported, R. japonica enters the reproductive state at the 2nd year of life, but only by the 3^rd year of growth it reaches maximum indices by morphological parameters and accumulation of secondary metabolites. The authors do not recommend exploiting Reynoutria japonica before the 3^rd year of vegetation.

The experiment on rats allowed carrying out comparative investigation of efficiency of preventive intake of snowball extraction ‘Kalifen’ and commercial medication ‘Legalon’ before and during carbon-disulfide intoxication. As reported, the carbon-disulfide poisoning caused disturbances in phosphoand neutral lipid fractions. With respect to the maintenance of metabolic responses in liver, the snowball extraction has proved to be more efficient than Legalon

A five-year study of dynamics of flavonoid accumulation in Scutellaria baicalensis allows to make a conclusion that the optimal period of crud drug harvesting can be both the first halve of May (initial vegetation stage) or the second halve of October (final vegetation stage), which are rich in healing substances. The authors recommend harvesting during the 3^rd and 4^th years of vegetation when the flavonoid content reaches its maximum values. The optimal durability of plantation lasts 4 years.

The paper provides studies on chemical composition of root and above-ground parts of Patrinia scabiosifolia. The plant samples have been collected and prepared during blossom time, then treated with solvents with increasing polarity. As reported, the main extractive substances from both above-ground and root parts of the plant are essential oils, phenolcarbonic acids, saponins, and polysaccharides.

The authors have studied the carbon tetrachloride-induced DNA degradation in liver of rats with DNA-comet assay (microelectrophoresis of DNA in a single cell). As reported, the hepatotoxicity estimated by the comet profile arose from hepatocyte genome damage. Medication Silibinin derived from Silibium marianum (L.) Gaertn. and extraction of tunic of Halocynthia aurantium Haurantin exhibited genoprotective action. The paper considers major mechanisms of destructive action of carbon tetrachloride.

The authors have studied effects of acute stress on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms and the state of antioxidative status of liver in rats. The stress was modelled by vertically fixing the animals over dorsal nuchal fold during 22 hours. The acute stress caused a decrease in the intensity of aerobic glycolysis, pentose phosphate cycle, glyconeogenesis, activation of lipolysis, and tension of antioxidant protection system and enhancement of lipid peroxidation. The etherifying function of liver was disturbed, and the lipids were prevailing energic substrates.

The experiment conducted on white mice has allowed studying biological activity of Sosnovsky cow parsnip (introducent) and Mellendorf cow parsnip (representative of indigenous flora known to occur in the south areas of Primorsky Krai) for toxicity and gonadotrophic effects. As reported, the toxicity of water-based extract of Sosnovsky cow parsnip and Mellendorf cow parsnip reach 1.07 ml/20 g of a mouse and 1.83 ml/20 g of a mouse, respectively. Sosnovsky cow parsnip-derived extract exhibits androgynous effects

Under the conditions of experimental hepatitis (carbon tetrachloride) in 30 August rats, the authors have studied antiradical and hepatoprotective effects of two original syrups containing plant extractions of hypericum, licorice root, roots of the tick-trefoil, rosehips, meadow crane grass, and shelf fungus (formulation No. 1) and goji berry powder (formulation No. 2). The study of lipid peroxidation and integral antiradical activities in animal livers in both formulations allowed to determine the antioxidant properties and stress-protective effects.

The paper provides proand retrospective study of efficiency of organic nitrates in case of stable angina during the inpatient and outpatient treatment. The life quality indices considerably increased when using isosorbide 5-mononitrate. Besides, the pharmacoeconomic analysis confirmed the advantages of these medications from the standpoint of expediency. The authors have detected low total consumption of organic nitrates. The mean index measured in patients with ischemic heart disease was 4.57±0.13 DDD/100 bed/days during the in-patient treatment and 3.12±0.19 DDD/1000 men/year during the out-patient treatment. There was a positive tendency towards the increase of consumption of isosorbide 5-mononitrate of usual and long-tern forms. The isosorbide dinitrate of usual dosage form used to treat stable angina did not show any economic advantages and medical efficiency.

The authors have conducted pharmacoeconomic analysis of the use of Cerebrolysin, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine when treating mild and medium-severe forms of Alzheimer>s disease. The cost-minimisation analysis was a method of calculating a 2-year treatment course. The cost-effectiveness analysis was a method of comparing the pharmacological efficiency of medications. As reported, Cerebrolysin at a dose of 10 ml/day used to treat Alzheimer>s disease in mild and medium-severe forms appears to be most preferable, from the pharmacoeconomic standpoint, compared with the other drugs.

The authors have elaborated the methods of optimising the process of product acceptance and distribution at pharmacies based upon cost-effectiveness analysis methodology, and constructed a function-based model and elaborated recommendations on how to optimise the product acceptance and distribution process in pharmacies.

The paper describes kinetics of binding of lead ions with low-etherized pectins with different molecular masses determined by means of acid hydrolysis. The authors have determined indices of maximum metal-binding activity of the pectin specimen under study with the environmental pH range of 2 to 6. The Langmuir adsorption model was used to describe adsorption isotherms and calculate adsorption parameters. As reported, as the molecular mass of pectins reduces, the maximum adsorption capacity reliably increases and the affinity of pectin to lead ions decreases.

The paper analyses the provision of patients suffering from schizophrenia in Khabarovsk Krai in 2009-2011 with medications and highlights the increasing consumption of neuroleptics: by 77.4 % in money terms in hospital and by 33.3% in mental health facility. The patients contributed 59.3% of the total financing. The authors showed up the double increase in the consumption of neuroleptics from 17.26 to 35.52 DDD/100 bed/days in hospital (due to increasing volume of chlorpromazine usage to 17.25, clozapine to 7.7 and thioridazine to 3.5 DDD/100 bed-days). The increasing consumption of neuroleptics in the mental health facilities during the period under study has increased from 30.7 to 53.2 DDD/100 bed-days; haloperidol took the leading position (usage 20.5 DDD/100 bed-days), then followed chlorpromazine (13.8 DDD/100 bed-days), fluphenazine (5.3 DDD/100 bed-days), and clozapine (5.1 DDD/100 bed-days).

The authors have determined the content of biologically active substances in extraction of leaves and young shoots of Heracleum sosnowskyi and Heracleum moellendorffii collected during the flowering period by means of chromatography and fluorescence. They identified furocoumarins of angelicin (sphondin, angelicin) and psoralen (bergapten, xantotoxin, and oxycoumarinumbelliferone) rows. In H. Moellendorffii known to occur in Primorsky Krai the percentage of furocoumarins was 58.5 % less than in H. sosnowskyi.

The paper compares absorptive spectra and chromatograms of alcoholic tinctures from fresh and dried leaves of medical herbs of different families. The drying of plants with low content of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins (nettle, rib grass) considerably changes the composition. These plants are recommended to be used fresh-cut for tinctures. The drying of plants (nosebleed, motherwort, and Callisia fragrans) known for comparatively high contents of the above-mentioned substances almost does not have influence on their composition in tinctures. These plants appear to be suitable for preparing tinctures both in fresh and dried forms.

The paper describes current situation in the pharmacy segment of the pharmaceutical market of the Far Eastern federal district with respect to strategic management for pharmacy organizations. The authors classify innovative strategies used by market entities, determine interdependent forming factors, and propose tools for making respective business-models.

An anonymous questionnaire survey and interviewing of 270 patients and 98 staff persons have been conducted to assess potential and search new ideas for the development of the state maternity hospital, and to enhance its competitive position under the conditions of regional market of medical services. As reported, there is a demand for keeping the clients and stuff informed of the personnel qualification, quality of services and business events hosted by the maternity hospital. The Customer Relationship Management methodology allowed determining two key areas of activities in Vladivostok Clinical Maternity Hospital No.3. These are to elaborate the customer retention and new customer acquisition strategies.

The paper presents information on the problem of the competence approach in the system of Medical education. A specific feature of teaching foreign languages at the Medical higher education establishments includes such components of foreign language competence as linguistic, sociocultural, pragmatic and personal allowing to use foreign language for the purposes of profession, science and selfeducation. At present among Russian and foreign linguists there exists a standpoint that it is a project technology that may form foreign language competence. A project technology received acknowledgment last century but being adjusted to new educational requirements and highly claimed nowadays it harmoniously entered foreign language competence developing good communicative skills in students.