Food allergy (FA) is still a serious issue on children health in many developed countries. In recent years a steady growth of its spread rate has been observed. Knowledge development on pathophysiological mechanisms basic to foot  antigens tolerance and sensitization lead to radical change in the strategy of FA  prevention. The deterioration of ecological condition and the influence of  external environment factors have partly changed the epidemiology of allergic  reactions to food products. In this literature review mainly the attention is paid to new perspectives of food allergy prevention among children. Modern recommendations in this area are based on the early nutrition expansion,  introduction of complementary foods in the age of 4–6 months regardless of family anamnesis. It is deemed useless to avoid allergic products if there are no  FA manifestations, both during introduction of complementary foods and  during pregnancy and breast-feeding for mothers. Additional potential strategies include optimization of skin barrier function in the early age and the  usage of special moisturizers. The research of micro biota role, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D in FA pathogenesis is continued. 

 Publications survey devoted to the usage of radio sensitizers for radiation therapy of the tumors is demonstrated. Currently such radiomodification agents as platinum, fluorouracil, gold, gadolinium, iodine, etc. are widely used in oncology. General application methods and ways of introducing heavy metals compounds are highlighted. Their influence on the indexes of the acute and  chronic toxicity among patients suffering malignancies is estimated. 

 Tuberculosis is one of the most deadly and contagious diseases for people. Tuberculosis disease rate has increased because of the emergence of drug-resistant strains and HIV co-infection. Last technological achievements including those used to cure tuberculosis have extended our understanding of the interaction between the host organism and pathogen. This information allows getting a better understanding of how natural and adaptive immunities work in  the presence of tuberculosis. It gives an opportunity to develop new methods of  laboratory diagnostics and observe tuberculosis patients and patients having suspected tuberculosis. Latest research data on immune system functioning in case of tuberculosis and new approaches to diagnosing tuberculosis are presented in the survey. 

 Heart failure (HF) is still an urgent problem of the modern society due to constant growth of the both its spread rate and its influence on the disease and death rates. Most patients having HF have a high comorbidity index. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be one of the most significant and discussed risk factors and diseases influencing the development of HF. There are different opinions on the important role of DM in the development of cardiovascular remodeling in case of HF regardless its phenotype, but there are alternative points of view which refuse the independent role of DM as a  risk factor of HF. Inhibitors of type 2 glucose sodium-dependent cotransporters were originally positioned as a means to control glycaemia. They demonstrated cardio-protective effects and reduction of the risk of HF  development among patients having DM and better prognosis of the course of disease regardless presence or absence of the type 2 DM.  

 The survey of the literature data and authors’ research on molecular-cell mechanisms of the osteoinductive effect of calcium-phosphate compounds and their importance during fracture healing. The usage of titanium implants containing calcium-phosphate and hydroxyapatite covering leads to structural transformation of the bony tissue in the interstitial gap and activation of the reparative processes. This activities correlate with the changes in expression of morphogenetic and apoptotic factors in different stages of the reparative osteogenesis. Reparative effect of the calcium-phosphate compounds can be estimated as a sum of cambial activity CD44-reactive mesenchymal stem cells and secondary fracture spread – the apoptosis of the cells of bone regenerate. The interaction of these processes in each stage of bone healing provides bone morphogenetic proteins, vascular endothelial growth factor and transformative growth-factor-β. Current issues of the metal alloy with bioresorbable covering for the long bones healing are discussed. 

 Objective: The assessment of the impact of general main factors on the functional status of myocardium among adolescents of Korean and European ethnic groups living in Primorsky region territory.

Methods: 90 conditionally healthy people from 30 to 49 years old were examined. 50 of them were ethnically Korean, 40 belonged to European group. Such parameters as blood pressure, weight and height, waist were measured and echocardiography was taken. Statistical analysis was carried out using StatTech 1.1.0 software.

Results: There were no differences in age groups, sex, percentage of smokers, body mass index and cardiologic indicators found. Among the representatives of Korean ethnic group the development of arterial hypertension and obesity was caused by a significant decrease of the global strain of left ventricular, whereas such relation wasn’t identified among Europeans. In both ethnic groups arterial hypertension was associated with diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricular, but only among Koreans the connection between dysfunction and obesity was observed.

Conclusions: The same risk factors influence myocardial functional state on  different levels among people from different ethnic groups at a young age.  Monitoring of the left ventricular global longitudinal strain can be recommended to reveal preclinical myocardial injuries among people belonging to Korean ethnic group having arterial hypertension and obesity. 

 Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of preventive treatment for children having latent tuberculosis infection according to the dynamics of the recombinant tuberculosis allergen (RTA) test.

Methods: The retrospective analysis of the life anamnesis, epidemic anamnesis and the results of the helical computed tomography of the  thoracic organs was carried out among 388 children from 2 to 17 years old with positive RTA test results who got preventive treatment course. The dynamics of the RTA test results were studied after one and two years of treatment.

Results: Screening using immunodiagnostics and the following helical computed tomography for children having positive results of the skin test  allows to reveal latent tuberculosis infection and minimal post-tuberculous changes. Dense calcium up to 5 mm in lymph nodes and lungs were observed more often among children having hyperergic reaction on immunological test. After two years of preventive treatment among 30.9 % of children having normergic reaction on RTA the test conversion from positive to negative, and also the decrease of the average size of the of skin  papules from 11.3 to 5.4 mm was observed. Among children having  hyperergic results of the RTA test a decrease of the average size of the papules from 15.6 to 7.2 mm was observed after chemotherapy. Among this group the decrease in the number of hyperergic tests (down to 8.6 %) was registered two years after observation.

Conclusions: Annual monitoring of the RTA tests results can be used to estimate the effectiveness of preventive treatment of the latent tuberculosis infection among children and adolescents. 

 Objective: Defining diagnostic value of “silent aspirations” predictors using fibrolaryngoscopy among patients having mild degree of the disphagia during the acute phase of the ischemic stroke.

Methods: 50 patients were examined during severe stroke period: 28 women and 22 men, average age was 68.3 years. The presence and the severity of disphagia were defined using three-pharyngeal sample with the following examination and estimate of the swallowing disorder by the MASA scale. Fibrolaryngoscopy was performed on the 2nd or 3rd day after brain damage.

Results: Aspiration was diagnosed among 24 patients using endoscopic examination results. The most frequent “silent aspiration” predictors turned out to be: rough oral apraxia (58 %), inadequate (abnormal) random cough (54 %) and aphonia (45 %).

Conclusions: Timely detection of “silent aspiration” predictors among patients having ischemic stroke allows diagnosing severe disphagia phase  and preventing serious respiratory complications.  

 Objective: The estimation of the causes of remodeling left ventricular myocardium among patients having arterial hypertension (AH) and chronic kidney disease.

Methods: 98 patients having AH were examined. Hypertrophy of the left ventricular (LV) was diagnosed when LV myocardium mass index was more than 115 g/м2 for men and more than 95 g/м2 for women. The formula to estimate the speed of glomerular filtration CKD-EPI was used to define the degree of kidney dysfunction.

Results: The signs of LV myocardial remodeling were observed among 43 patients having AH (43.8 %). High prevalence of the obesity and hypertrophy  of the left ventricular was observed among women (71.4 %  compared with 18.7 % among men).

Conclusions: LV myocardial hypertrophy is associated with the length of AH anamnesis. Hypertrophy unfavorable in terms of cardiovascular  complications was more frequently registered as concentric. Also high prevalence of the chronic kidney disease in phases С2, С3а and С3b was observed among patients having AH. It increases the risk of unfortunate  prognosis and requires active preventive measures and the correction of  drug therapy to prevent fatal cardiovascular cases.  

 Objective: To estimate the intermediate results of the angioplasty and stenting in case of artetial sclerotic disease of the iliac vein and popliteal artery segments of the lower limbs.

Methods: Having analyzed treatment results of 132 patients having obstructive  lower arteries disease retrospectively. Patients had got endovascular  interventions (balloon angioplasty and stenting).

Results: Overall number of the technically successful operations reached 92 % (119 cases): in case of first degree of lesion – 97 %, second degree – 90.5 %, third degree – 85.7 % (GLASS grading system). The vascular permeability was preserved after a year or two among 86.2 and 73.5 % of patients respectively.

Conclusions: Endovascular interventions are the effective and safe method to treat vascular diseases leading to the ischemia of the lower limbs. 

 Objective: To define the test place of T-Spot.TB gamma-interferon release in the algorithm of diagnosing and diagnostics of different onsets of tuberculosis infection among children and adloscents.

Methods: T-Spot.TB test results among children under 17 years old were examined as an alternative screening method (n=4096), in VI dispensary  observation group (n=645) and among patients suffering tuberculosis (n=15).

Results: T-Spot.TB effectiveness as a screening test was 2.8 %. Matching this test’s results and the skin test with tuberculosis recombinant allergen (TRA) in a year of observation demonstrated negative result in 90.7 % of cases in the event of uncertain or weakly positive TRA reaction.

Conclusions: Child population tuberculosis screening under 7 years old should be held using Mantoux reaction, but from 8 to 17 years old – using TRA test. Gamma-interferon T-Spot. TB test can be held on a contract basis as an alternative child screening method if the legal representative refused to make recommended skin tests. Immunosuppression of various origins, allergies and  obesity can be considered as medical indicators to prescribe this test for children and adolescents. 

 Objective: The analysis of peculiarities of the medical-demographic situation and demographically deterministic rules of health level of the population of Sakhalin Region (SR).

Methods: Medical-demographic processes and the indexes of the registered disease rates were studied. Official statistical data of the Sakhalin regional  medical informational-analytical center, statistical compendiums and other official materials of the Federal State Statistics Service were used.

Results: From 2015 to 2017 natural population growth was observed in SR. There is a process of urbanization growth: 82 % of the population is related to urban. There is a gender imbalance in the group of 15–29 year olds despite its relative small number: dominance of male population (57 %) reinforces previously predicted fertility rate problem. According to registered cases in SR  among general disease categories the respiratory, digestion and blood diseases  are dominant.

Conclusions: Making timely and right decisions to provide effective socio-demographic development of regions can make a positive influence on socio- economic growth indexes of the country in general. 

 Experience of the joint work of angiosurgeons and surgeons of the purulent surgical department to cure critical lower limb ischemia on the basis of stenotic atherosclerosis/thrombosis of the main arteries in VCH No. 1 was summarized. The results of multidisciplinary work of surgical team for the period from 2018 to 2020 are presened. The reliable decrease of the number of major amputations and lethality was noticed in this group of patients. 

 The analysis of international data on a policy of specific preventive tuberculosis immunization among children in modern conditions was conducted. The data on Russian Federation for the recent years taking into account children disease indexes is presented. The vaccination data in Moscow taking into account medical and nonmedical exemptions was analyzed. There is a conclusion about increasing vaccination rate against tuberculosis in maternity hospitals and polyclinics. 

 Objective: Highlighting main tendencies of organization of works with children and adolescents in the outbreaks of tuberculosis infection.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the federal and industrial statistical reports (Forms 33 and 8) in Leningrad region from 2017 to 2019 was conducted.

Results: The majority of children (85.7 %) having tuberculosis got infected inside the outbreaks formed by people who had already been infected – smear-positive. In 50 % of cases in smear-positive outbreaks multiple and broad drug resistance of the pathogen was detected. In every 5th case  tuberculosis was accompanied with HIVinfection, also there was a registered  death of tuberculosis patient. Tuberculosis affected children 7.7 years old on  average in case the average length of the contact was 2.8 years before the moment of diagnosing the disease.

Conclusions: Such negative factors as HIV coinfection and pathogen drug resistance worsen epidemiological process in case of tuberculosis and change clinical structure of the disease among children and adolescents. These factors influence the effectiveness of the treatment and tuberculosis prognosis for infection source. It is important to take them into  consideration when conducting a range of prevention activities in the outbreaks of the disease. 

 Objective: Analysis of the factors associated with alcohol consumption. Physical and social effects of its use among older people living in the Far East of Russia.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 348 Russian residents over 60 years old in Vladivostok and Primorsky Region. Descriptive statistics were used to present the collected data. The odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results: Among 348 participants, 131 were classified as drinkers. Based on the median of daily pure alcohol (PA) consumption, the drinking participants were divided into groups of low (<21 g/day) and heavy drinkers (≥21 g/day): 67 and 64 people, respectively. It was found, that excessive alcohol  consumption was associated with age (OR=0.896; 95 % CI: 0.827–0.972),  gender (OR=0.198; 95 % CI: 0.069–0.571), atherosclerosis (OR=8.311; 95 % CI: 2.506–27.570), urological diseases (OR=0.046; 95 % CI: 0.009–0.241), alcohol consumption single-handedly (OR=4.323; 95 % CI: 1.021–18.306). The main reason for alcohol consumption was to relieve stress (OR=29.114; 95 % CI: 1.289–657.657) and the effect of alcohol intake – nocturnal  awakenings (OR=9.434; 95 % CI: 1.962–45.367).

Conclusions: Older people of the Russian Far East who consume over 21  grams of PA a day often use alcohol to reduce stress. Excessive alcohol use  is especially common among older people who drink single-handedly,  indicating a higher risk of alcohol dependence and stimulates atherosclerosis development. Moderate alcohol consumption among  Russian older people is considered to be an amount of less than 21 g/day. 

 Clinical observation of the gastric bleeding for 64 years old patient having inoperable gastric cancer. Taking into account the low efficiency of the conservative and futility of the endoscopic treatment the embolization of the left gastric artery with the calibrated microsphere Embosphere (Biosphere Medical S.A.) through femoral approach was used. The occlusion of branches of the left gastric artery and the hemostasis was achieved. Tricky and unsolved issues of applying low-invasive bleeding treatment methods in  case of malignant gastric tumors are discussed.  

 A clinical case of the non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction of the 50 years old patient was presented. The peculiarity of the observation – presence of the non-obstructive coronarosclerosis in the area of infarction-connected  coronary artery with the narrowing of its lumen up to 20 % and the combination  of the indicated changes with the myocardial muscular bridge. 

 A clinical case of the minimally invasive treatment hematogenous abscess of the spleen under ultrasound control using puncture and percutaneous drainage for the 68 years old patient having high operative risk. Ultrasound examination is prescribed for diagnosing and conservative treatment of spleen abscess. 

 900 patients hospitalized with the laboratory-confirmed new coronavirus infection were examined within Vladivostok Clinical Hospital # 1 from April 2020  to February 2021. 225 patients (62–65 years old) brought the complaint for diarrhea. In 10 % of cases diarrhea turned out to be the only symptom of the disease onset. Patients having new Coronavirus infection who were operated suffered diarrhea on the basis of antibacterial therapy in 2.5 % of observations. During postcovid period this symptom on the basis of multimorbidity was registered among 14 patients. In 2 cases the infection caused by Clostridium difficile was confirmed.