The development and application of photosensitizers excited by high-energy X-rays represent an addition to the standard method of photodynamic therapy. The use of such materials can overcome a serious disadvantage of photodynamic therapy, i.e., a treatment of superficially located tumors accessible to laser. This review presents current advances in the production methods, safety, and effectiveness of bioavailable compounds for X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy. The potential and prospects for the future application of such constructs in clinical practice are determined.

This paper analyzes the mechanisms of biofilm formation on the surfaces of medical devices. On the basis of various experimental studies, prevention techniques for biofilm formation implying various substances that reduce the adhesion of microorganisms to the surface of the device and perform antibacterial activity are described.

Arterial hypertension (AH) represents a serious public health problem and remains one of the most common chronic noncommunicable diseases, both in Russia and globally. Although the development of effective treatments for AH patients has considerably advanced, frequent cardiovascular complications and high mortality are mainly associated with inappropriate control of arterial blood pressure (BP). The zone of special attention includes high- and extremely high-risk patients who may develop cardiovascular complications affected by AH. At present, telemedicine technologies, including remote automated monitoring (RAM), are considered as an option to improve the results of such patients' treatment. At the same time, there is a lack of data on the monitoring effectiveness of BP in high- and very high-risk patients needed for forming their adherence to treatment and developing effective treatment methods. The rationale and design of a single-center prospective observational study including 150 patients, residents of Primorsky Krai with AH at very high risk of cardiovascular complications are presented. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of remote blood pressure (BP) monitoring in the organization of regular medical check-ups of working-age patients at extremely high cardiovascular risk.

Enterococcus bacteria are opportunistic pathogens associated with a normal intestinal microflora in humans and animals and widely spread in the environment. This review aims to analyze the literature data on resistance of the genus Enterococcus to anti-infective agents and disinfectants. The dramatic increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria drives the need for searching for new effective disinfectants and antibacterial substances to inhibit the proliferation and spread of pathogens in the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study the resistance of Enterococcus bacteria not only to antibiotics but also to disinfectants.

Anterior abdominal wall hernias are considered one of the most common diseases in abdominal surgery. In this regard, the number of operations has seen no decrease, and the search for the most effective surgical intervention continues to this day. An important herniology problem is comorbidities that could be provoking factors in the development of hernia disease and influence the choice of method and duration of surgical treatment. Timely detection and comorbidity adjustment make it possible to reduce the risk of reherniation and the number of wound and general postoperative complications. The most common diseases requiring mandatory prior detection and treatment are diabetes mellitus, prostate adenoma, respiratory disorders with a consumptive cough, and impaired motor-evacuation function of the large intestine. The development of optimal treatment for patients with abdominal wall hernias and severe comorbidities will improve the results of surgical treatment.

Objective. To conduct a comparative study of the quantitative content of HIF-1α- and HIF-2α-immunopositive neurons in the prefrontal cortex of the rat brain at different periods of experimental myocardial infarction (MI) development.

Materials and methods. In order to study the content of HIF-1α- and HIF-2α-positive neurons in the cerebral cortex of Wistar rats and 15, 30, and 45 days after MI, immunohistochemical methods were used.

Results. In rats of the control group, the HIF-1α and HIF-2α immunohistochemical markers in the prefrontal cortex are detected in few pale-colored neurons. On the 15th day after MI modeling, the number of HIF-1α-positive neurons increases by almost one third; on the 30th day, it reaches the maximum level. On the 45th day, the number of HIF-1α-positive structures decreases but remains above the control level, and the number of marked HIF-2α-structures reaches the highest values during this period.

Conclusion. Although the molecular structure of HIF-1α is similar to HIF-2α, each of the factors causes expression of different genes and different duration of adaptation of prefrontal cortex neurons to post-infarction hypoxia. HIF-1α appears to be responsible for the acute adaptation of cortical neurons to hypoxia, while HIF-2α is associated with long-term adaptation. In the period of the most pronounced decrease in  HIF-1α induction in cortical neurons, HIF-2α activation was observed, which indicates a time-coordinated involvement of both proteins in providing the systemic response of the organism.

Objective: To determine the MTHFR rs1801133, MTR rs1805087, MTRR rs1801394, and FUT2 rs602662 genes frequency and an influence of their polymorphism on the level of homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B₁₂ and to establish their link to the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) development. Materials and methods: 136 PCOS patients and 117 healthy women were provided health check-ups. The content of homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B₁₂ in blood serum was examined using the immunochemiluminescent assay (DxI800 analyzer, Beckman Coulter). The polymorphism of MTHFR rs1801133, MTR rs1805087, MTRR rs1801394, and FUT2 rs602662 genes was determined in buccal epithelial scrapes by polymerase chain reaction on the Bio-Rad CFX96 DNA amplifier (Novosibirsk, Russia, LLC "Basis Genotech"). Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech program v. 4.7.0. Results: The indicators of homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B₁₂ in the PCOS group and control group were significantly different (p < 0.05). A direct correlation relationship (r = 0.196, ρ < 0.022) between body mass index and homocysteine level with PCOS was revealed. The T/T MTHFR rs1801133 genotype was more common in PCOS patients compared to healthy women (OR = 3.77). Homocysteine levels differed between MTHFR genotypes (p = 0.007); the carriage of T/T in PCOS was accompanied by elevated homocysteine levels compared to C/T and C/C. The A/A MTRR rs1801394 genotype was more common in healthy women; the OR of 0.57 may serve as a protective factor. The G/G genotype is more common in PCOS compared to healthy women (OR = 1.94). Differences were found between PCOS patients and the control group for the carriage of A/G MTR rs1805087 (OR = 2.23; CI = 1.31–3.77). Conclusion: The risk of developing PCOS is linked to the T/T MTHFR rs1801133, A/G MTR rs1805087, and G/G MTRR rs1801394 genotypes. A direct correlation was found between body mass index and homocysteine levels in PCOS patients. The A/A MTRR rs1801394 genotype may serve as a protective factor.

The study of bioclimatic conditions in the Far Eastern Federal District with the aim of ensuring a regionally specific approach to the development and justification of preventive measures seems relevant and significant.

Objective. To study the level of bioclimatic comfort in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analytical study was conducted. An integrated assessment of climatic features of the macroregion territories was carried out based on the study of average annual values of the Bioclimatic Index of Severity of Climatic Regime (BISCR) and normal equivalent effective temperature. The characteristics of the level and dynamics of the analyzed indicators in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District in the period from 2013 to 2023 are given.

Results. By the level of bioclimatic comfort, the leading positions were held by Primorsky Krai and Jewish Autonomous Oblast; the last places were occupied by the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Magadan Oblast, and Chukotka Autonomous District in both analyzed indicators. The average rate of increase in the Bioclimatic Index of  Severity of Climatic Regime (BISCR) in all regions ranged from -0.82 to 0.01%, which indicates the stability of its level. The average rate of increase (decrease) in normal equivalent effective temperature showed a moderate decrease in the study period in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast (-1.06), Primorsky Krai (-1.50), and Sakhalin Oblast (-1.53).

Conclusion. The obtained data can serve as a scientific basis for further study of regional risk factors for public health disorders.

Objective. To determine the incidence of anti-HBc in groups of health care workers with different risk of occupational parenteral viral hepatitis B (VHB) infection previously vaccinated against hepatitis B.

Materials and methods. The total sample of 1643 people was divided into cohorts of people with high risk of occupational infection, 976 people (58.9%), and with low risk of parenteral infection, 676 people (41.1%). The immunofluorescence assay was used for anti-HBs and anti-HBc.

Results. The share of anti-HBc positive and anti-HBc negative individuals is almost the same in both groups. Statistical calculations show that the relationship between the presence and absence of anti-HBc and the levels of humoral immunity in both groups is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Anti-HBc in the serum of the vaccinated people is detected 2.7 times less incident compared to the unvaccinated.

Conclusion. No significant difference in the detection of anti-HBc in the groups of health workers at high and low risk of parenteral infection was revealed. A statistically significant correlation was found between the level of postvaccinal immunity in vaccinated persons and the presence of anti-HBc. Immunization against VHB prevents not only its acute form, but also sterile, chronic, or latent ones.

Objective. To compare the myeloarchitectonics of ovarian nerves of fetuses, newborns, middle-aged women, and those of presenile and senile ages.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 158 neurovascular complexes of the ovaries of fetuses at 32–40 weeks, as well as of newborns, middle-aged women, and those of presenile and senile ages. In this study, histological methods were used, i.e., the Krutsay method for staining myelin fibers. The data are presented as medians and interquartile ranges. Differences between continuous variables were determined using the Mann-Whitney test. Spearman's rank correlation was used to evaluate the connections between variables. The P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results. The myeloarchitectonics of ovarian nerves is characterized by age-related, quantitative, and qualitative changes. The myelination onset of ovarian nerves is determined in fetuses at 37 weeks' gestation with the occurrence of myelinated fibers of small diameter. In newborns, an increase in the total number of fibers and the occurrence of medium-diameter fibers are observed. In middleaged women, an increase in the total number of myelinated fibers is observed due to the occurrence of large-diameter myelinated fibers. In women of presenile and senile ages, involutional changes in the myelin component in ovarian nerves are revealed in a decrease in the total number of myelinated fibers of all groups. Compared to middle-aged women, the total number of myelinated fibers in nerves decreases by almost 25%. In presenile and senile ages, a significant decrease in the total number of myelinated fibers in nerves is observed.

Conclusion. The study of age-related dynamics of the composition of myelinated fibers in nerves characterizes the development of ovarian nerves in particular and autonomic nerves in general. Knowledge of anatomical and physiological features of the ovaries at the stage of ontogenesis is especially important for both morphologists and practitioners and opens up new prospects in the prevention and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system.

Objective. To evaluate the cytotoxic properties of the obtained Bioglass 45S5 doped with 40 wt % Bi₂O₃ or 15 wt % B₂O₃.

Materials and methods. On cell culture of Ehrlich ascites adenocarcinoma, the metabolic activity of cells in a 96-well plate was evaluated by calorimetric MTT assay at threefold repetition.

Results. The influence of the production methods of a material on its toxic properties is confirmed. The pyrolysis of organic solutions is considered the most effective method for the synthesis of bioactive glasses. The concentration of samples of 12.5 mg/mL is considered promising for further studies.

Conclusion. The MTT assay shows an increase in the cytotoxicity parameter with the addition of boron ions to the composition of bioglass. At the same time, the introduction of bismuth demonstrates high viability parameters, which provides a basis for further development of biocompatible materials.

Objective. To assess corporate programs to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) within the national project. The study aims to identify risk factors and the rate of employees' willingness to participate in prevention programs.

Materials and methods. In 2022–2023, 4653 employees in the energy industry were surveyed. The surveys covered bad habits, physical activity, nutrition, and stress. Data were analyzed using statistics and a transtheoretical model of behavior change. The programs were conducted in the format of health days.

Results. Connections between the stages of willingness to change habits and working conditions were revealed. Workers with harmful working conditions were at the stage of preconsciousness regarding hypodynamia, nutrition, smoking, and alcohol. Raising awareness increased the share of participants in the maintenance and action stages. Management personnel performed the highest level of activity.

Conclusion. Programs based on the transtheoretical model are effective in managing risk factors. Expansion of the sample and additional research are needed.

Objective. To study the course of severe bronchial asthma and the effectiveness of genetically engineered biological drugs in the Yakut population.

Materials and methods. The study included 18 Yakut patients with severe bronchial asthma being treated in the Clinic of the North-Eastern Federal University. Genetically engineered biological therapy (anti-IL-5 Mepolizumab, anti-IL-5Rα Benralizumab, anti-IL-4Rα Dupiluma, and anti-IgE Omalizumab) was carried out taking into account asthma phenotypes and comorbidities. Observation was carried out in three different periods: at initiation time, after 6, and after 12 months. Spirometric methods, laboratory tests, and ACQ-5 were used. Statistical processing was performed using the Wilcoxon test (SPSS IBM Statistics).

Results. After 12 months of genetically engineered biological therapy, improved asthma control was observed: the ACQ-5 score decreased from 2.73 ± 0.66 to 0.48 ± 0.19 (p < 0.001). The mean blood eosinophil count decreased but stayed above 150 cells/µL. External respiratory function showed positive dynamics: FVC, FEV1, modified Tiffeneau index, and PEF are improved by 23.25, 25.05, 8.93, and 26.7%, respectively.

Conclusion. Genetically engineered biological therapy has demonstrated high effectiveness in improving control of severe bronchial asthma and reducing the need for anti-inflammatory therapy.

The selection of a functional donor organ remains a key problem in kidney transplantation. Detailed observation of a recipient and careful selection of a donor organ still provide a basis for a good transplant outcome. However, the increase in patients awaiting kidney transplantation and the lack of prospects for sufficient quantity and quality of donor material inevitably lead to a broadening of the criteria for selection of organs for transplantation. One of the rational ways to increase the number of kidney transplantations is organ harvesting from donors with expanded criteria. In this regard, double kidney transplantation as well as the development of effective management of such patients are of crucial importance. A clinical case of nonstandard double kidney transplantation is presented; the stages of the anomaly correction and the transplantation effectiveness are demonstrated. Double kidney and ureter are not a contraindication for organ transplantation and require correction during or after transplantation and the development of an individualized management plan for each patient.

In Primorsky Krai, 64 malaria cases were registered from 1997 to 2024. Two of them were with a fatal outcome, the reasons for which were delay by patients in seeking medical attention and untimely therapy. Tropical malaria was registered more frequently (51.5 + 12.2%) than vivax malaria (45.3 + 12.2%). The risk areas for malaria infection are Southeast Asia, Africa, and Russia's neighboring states. Russian citizens who visited malaria-endemic countries as tourists or employees of domestic and foreign companies constituted 86% of the cases. Malaria was diagnosed predominantly in men (92.2 + 6.6%). This paper presents a clinical case of severe imported tropical malaria with a favorable outcome.

The relevance of the problem of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is explained by its vast geographical distribution and a wide variety of its clinical diseases, from inapparent (febrile) infections to severe meningoencephalitic forms leading to disability. In the Russian Far East, the infectious process of TBE with varying degrees of severity is caused by strains of the Far Eastern subtype only, which are variable in parameters of both biological and molecular-genetic characteristics and characterized by more severe and pronounced damage to the central nervous system. We present a unique case of polioencephalomyelitic TBE form, i.e., an initial progredient continuously progressive variant with the clinic of pronounced peripheral tetraparesis, paresis of shoulder girdle and diaphragm muscles, and lesions of cranial bulbar nerves (9, 10 and 12 pairs). The features of the clinic are explained by the patient's prolonged forced stay on artificial ventilation at the onset of acute cerebral circulatory failure.

Timely diagnosis and medical care of the wounded during medical evacuation remain crucial issues of military surgery. In the conditions of modern combat operations, qualified surgical care (with elements of specialized medical care) eliminates life-threatening consequences by providing the wounded with the surgeon and most effective diagnostic methods. Changes in the nature and structure of wounds and difficulties in medical and evacuation support force to provide qualified medical care under reduced staffing, in protected premises, and widely applying the tactics of surgical control of injuries, which, in turn, requires modern technical equipment. One of the special medical modules allowing surgeons to provide a complex of surgical measures and use advanced diagnostic technologies in military field conditions is a multispiral computed tomography (MSCT). Computed X-ray scanning identifies the area of maximum damage and the critical area of interest for surgical intervention. Clinical examples of using MSCT by a specialized surgical reinforcement group are presented. The wide possibilities of mobile CT scanners in determining the nature of the injury, identifying the main lesion area, and selecting surgical tactics are demonstrated.